Estimation of Convolution Masks for Image Restoration Using Genetic Algorithm

Dr. Pawan Kumar Assistant Professor Deepak Kumar Jha M.Tech. , CSE, 2nd Year

IITT College of Engineering Pojewal , Punjab Punjab Technical University , Jalandhar

 Abstract
Model

of image degradation and restoration Mathematical equations for degraded functions and noises Algorithm for estimation of Convolution mask using Genetic algorithm Simulation results Conclusions and References

Image restoration is carried out to recover a corrected image from a degraded image. In image restoration there is need to build the specific mathematical model for degradation hence there is need to know about the cause of degradation without which some time it becomes impossible to correct the image. In most practical cases there is not enough information available about the degradation, and is needed to be estimated either analytically or empirically. The level of problem of image restoration is further increased by the presence of noise, and more than one cause of degradation, as in these circumstances it becomes difficult to formulate the mathematical model or degradation function. By using Genetic Algorithm convolution mask generated for restore degraded images. The proposed algorithm has been tested on images simulated with the motion blurring and for the presence of noise.Finally the algorithm is applied to correct the motion artifact which is additive with noises in Computed tomography images.

Model of Image Degradation and Restoration

g(x , y) f(x , y) Degradation function (H)

+
Noise n(x , y)

Restoration Filter

f^(x , y)

Degradation

Restoration

Steps involved in the process of Degradation/Restoration First we take a degraded image as input for process. For the restoration process to compensate the corruption present in the image, a filter mask will be modelled. With modelled filter mask, restoration is carried out to get approximate image from corrupted image.

 Motion

artifact : is due to relative motion between the camera and the object. Mathematically can be represent as

H(u , v)=sin(VTu) Vu Where V:constant speed in direction of x-axis T:mechanical shutter open time Most of the medical images get effected by this type of artifact.

Atmospheric turbulence in remote sensing or astronomy .This degradation caused due nonhomogeneity in atmosphere that deviates passing of light rays. 5/ 6 2 2
h(i, j ) exp k i j

In this paper we consider the types noises are present in the images as salt and pepper Gaussian noises

START

Initialization of Population size and no.of Generations

Evaluate the fitness value of each individual in each Generation Stoppage conditions satisfied NO
Selection of fittest individual for reproduction(mutation, cross over elite child)

Yes

Optimal convolution Mask(best fittest Mask)

STOP

Initialization of Population size and no.of Generations

Initialization

The algorithm starts with initialization of individuals randomly. An array of individuals are called the Population The individuals are may be any one of the following

Bit strings Real numbers

(0101 ... 1100) (43.2 -33.1 ... 0.0 89.2)

As in this work we consider the individuals as rational numbers which are in the range of [0 1]

Initialization of Population size and no.of Generations

Next

initialization of Generation limit At each generation successive operations are performed on the current population that produces new generation population.

Evaluate the fitness value of each individual in each Generation

Fitness

function At each generation the fitness value or efficiency of individuals are evaluated using fitness function. The individuals which have higher fitness values that are consider for further process. The fittest individuals are considered for the reproduction process.

Selection of fittest individual for reproduction(mutation, cross over elite child)

Reproduction

Elite child
Crossover child

Parents Child

Mutation Child

Stoppage conditions satisfied

Stoppage

conditions Fitness function value limit Fixed number of generations reached Allocated budget reached Time limit Combination of any of above In this work we consider fixed number of generation as stoppage condition.

Stop

As

the stopping conditions are satisfied, the algorithm halts, and the result obtained will be the best fittest individual .

 Parameters

consider for this paper Population size 100 Generation limit 500 Elite Count 4 Crossover Fraction 0.5 Tool used Image processing tool box, Matlab

(a).Original CT scan image of abdomen region

(b). Image corrupted by motion artefact (90o) and additive noise Gaussian noise

(C).Restored image by using convolution mask obtained by genetic algorithm

(a).Original camera man image

(b). Image corrupted by motion artefact (in 45o) and additive noise Salt and Pepper noise

(C).Restored image by using convolution mask obtained by genetic algorithm

 In

this paper we developed 3X3 and 5X5 convolution masks coefficients. With the optimal filter mask is found, it can be used to restore other similar or related corrupted images, without having any prior knowledge about degradation function or additive noises.

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