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Classified systems of torque Relative positions of force, resistance, and axis of rotation vary in the different types or classes of levers As with any torque calculations, operations on levers determine the tendency for some force to produce rotation around a fixed point.
Classes of Levers
1. First Class The applied force and the resistance are on opposite sides of the fulcrum. 2. Second Class The resistance is between the applied force and the fulcrum. 3. Third Class The applied force is between the resistance and the fulcrum.
fulcrum
applied force
fulcrum
fulcrum
The direction in which a lever system moves is dependent on the relative lengths of the force and resistance arms as well as the magnitudes of force and resistance.
Mechanical Advantage
This is the effectiveness of a lever at moving a resistance. It is a calculated value:
ForceArm Mechanical Advantage = Re sis tan ceArm
Because of their different configurations, the mechanical advantage of a first class lever can favor the force or resistance depending on the placement of the fulcrum. A second class lever always favors the force arm. A third class lever always favors the resistance arm.
fulcrum
The fulcrum in a first class lever system can often vary in position to favor the force arm or the resistance arm.
applied force
fulcrum In a second class lever system, the mechanical advantage favors the force arm. (The force arm will always be longer.)
fulcrum The mechanical advantage of a third class lever system favors the resistance arm. (The resistance arm is always longer.)
FRO
DFA DRA
FM
FRO
DFA DRA
R DRA FM
DFA fulcrum