Chapter-1 introduction

Def of change,Important of change,types of change,imperative changeforces

definition
Change is the coping of process of moving from the present state to a desired state that individuals, groups and organizations undertake in response to dynamic internal and external factors that alter current realities. In other words any alteration or modification of status quo which occurs in the overall work environment of an oragnization,is change.

Views about change

Only certainty in the world is that there will be change. Change is the law of life. The only thing constant and consistent is a change. Individuals and organizations have to adapt to environment and must changedarwin.

Nature of change
Change is the most significant propeller of business growth.Keith Davis has stated that The whole organization tends to be affected by change in any part. Individual change and organizational changeorganization introduce change through people,people learn to adapt their attitude and are willing to meet changing environment. Organizational change refers to process of growth, decline and transformation within the organization.

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Organizational change can be either through A) behavioral approach or 2) Non behavioral approach. Behavioral approach through individuals and groups. changing the attitude and behaviors of employees through processes of communication,decision-making,problemsolving.here focus is changing the people work relationships(OD)

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Non-behavioural approach through Change in policies,structure,technology,physical layout of workspace. B)Evolutionary(steady growth) or revolutionary(rapid or shake up) C)Reactive change or proactive chage:reactive forces make it necessary and it is passive compliance to demands. Proactive change means particular change is desirable and initiated in a planned manner. planned change activities are intentional and goal oriented.

Why is change important to managers and organizations.

To survive To make profit To grow To achieve goals etc. to overcome the problems etc.

Types of change
Four different types of changes can bring changes in the organization.by V Nilakant and Ramnarayan. A)They are continuous or incremental change or gradual slow change. B)Discontinuous or radical change(A+B refers to overall nature of the change process.) C) Participative change or consultative D) directive change.

Other types of changes

Change by exception and paradigm change Organizational growth and organizational transformation. Organisational change refers to process of growth,decline and transformation within the organization.its focus is more on outside. Eg markets,customer segment joint ventures. Etc.

Continu- While in the case of transformation the focus is on inside eg.existing relationships, people, systems, departmental positions etc. According to Linda Ackerman there are 3 types of change- development change,traformational change, transitional change in the organization.

Development change
This refers to improving what already exists in the organization. This is same as convergence,incrimental or evolutionary change. Transitional change involves moving from the current state to a known new state through a transition state. Eg restructuring,mergers,introduction of new process. Etc.

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Transformational change is a fundamental reinvention of the organization by changing its leadership,mission,culture structure etc.this change focus on creating mind share more than market share. The greatest effort involved in transformational change is to change the mindset ( shared ways of thinking and behaving)of the employees in the organization.

Major types of changes.

Happened change-change that is unpredictable and that takes place naturally due to external factors.this type of change occurs when an organisation reaches a plateau in its life cycle and falls prey to unwisely demand from the environment Eg.currency devaluation

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Reactive change-changes that are clearly in response to an event or a series of events are termed as reactive change. Anticipatory change-change carried out in expectation of an event or a series of events is called anticipatory change.

Environment factors for orgn.change

An organization is having its internal environment which is penetrated by external factors and its own specific environment of suppliers, dealers and competitors, output mechanism etc. Operational change-operational change include bringing in new technology, reengineering the work process, quality management, better distribution and delivery of products, and enhancing interdepartmental coordination.

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Strategic change change that is addressed to the organization as a whole or to most of the organizations component including strategy may be called strategic change. Eg-change in the management style. Fundamental change-redefinition of current purpose or mission.

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Revolutionary change-abrupt changes in organisational strategy and design represent revolutionary change.such change comprises of 3 Es Envisioning-which is to articulate a clear and credible vision and a new strategy to relize the vision. Energizing which is moblizing of employees,individually and collectively as well as demonstrating and inculcating the excitement for change.

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Enabling which is to provide the necessary resources, support structures and process eg Eg information systemadministrative policy and procedure. Etc.

Components of business environment

External environment political,economic,legal,demographic,technologic al,natural,global etc. Specific environment-input suppliers,output mechanism,marketing intermediaries,competition, Internal environment-managerial and other people,organization culture favourable for development,their work ethos,organization structure,attittude and values.