Siti Yuyun Rahayu Fitri, S.Kp., M.

Si

EMOSI
Emosi adalah pola reaksi yang mengandung

perubahan fisiologis, perilaku ekspresif dan states of feeling yang muncul sebagai respon terhadap situasi (Wortman, Loftus & Weaver, 1999). Santrock (2007) menyatakan emosi seringkali disamaartikan dengan perasaan atau afek yang melibatkan gabungan antara keterbangkitan fisik (physical arousal) dan perilaku nyata (overt behavior).

 Campos (2004), Emosi didefinisikan sebagai perasaan

atau affect, yang terjadi ketika seseorang berada dalam suatu kondisi atau suatu interaksi yang penting baginya, terutama bagi kesejahteraannya. Emosi bercirikan perilaku yang merefleksikan atau mengekspresikan kepuasan atau ketidakpuasan dari keadaan atau transaksi individu.

PROSES EMOSI

NAMA EMOSI
Plutchik (1994) : 7 emosi dasar

(primer) pada manusia, yaitu fear, disgust, wonder, anger, subjection, elation, tender. Ekman dalam Dalgleish (2000), ada 6 macam yang termasuk emosi dasar, yaitu marah, takut, sedih, senang, surprise dan disgust.

LANJ..
Primary Component Joy + acceptance Fear + surprise Sadness + disgust Disgust + Anger = = = = Emotion Label Emotions Love, friendliness Alarm, awe Remorse Contempt, hostility hatred, For Mixed

Joy + Fear
Anger + Joy Fear + Disgust

=
= =

Guilt
Pride Shame, prudishness

EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
SALOVEY AND MAYER (1997) : EMOTIONAL

INTELLIGENCE (EI) DESCRIBES THE ABILITY, CAPACITY, SKILL OR, IN THE CASE OF THE TRAIT EI MODEL, A SELF-PERCEIVED ABILITY TO IDENTIFY, ASSESS, AND CONTROL THE

EMOTIONS OF ONE'S SELF, OF OTHERS, AND OF

GROUPS.

THREE MAIN MODELS OF EI

ABILITY EI MODEL
MIXED MODELS OF EI (USUALLY SUBSUMED

UNDER TRAIT EI)

TRAIT EI MODEL

ABILITY MODEL
THE ABILITY TO PERCEIVE EMOTION, INTEGRATE

EMOTION TO FACILITATE THOUGHT, UNDERSTAND EMOTIONS AND TO REGULATE EMOTIONS TO PROMOTE PERSONAL GROWTH." THE ABILITY-BASED MODEL VIEWS EMOTIONS AS USEFUL SOURCES OF INFORMATION THAT HELP ONE TO MAKE SENSE OF AND NAVIGATE THE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT.

 THE MODEL PROPOSES THAT INDIVIDUALS VARY

IN THEIR ABILITY TO PROCESS INFORMATION OF AN EMOTIONAL NATURE AND IN THEIR ABILITY TO RELATE EMOTIONAL PROCESSING TO A WIDER COGNITION. THIS ABILITY IS SEEN TO MANIFEST ITSELF IN CERTAIN ADAPTIVE BEHAVIORS. THE MODEL CLAIMS THAT EI INCLUDES FOUR TYPES OF ABILITIES:

 Perceiving emotions the ability to detect and

decipher emotions in faces, pictures, voices, and cultural artifactsincluding the ability to identify one's own emotions. Perceiving emotions represents a basic aspect of emotional intelligence, as it makes all other processing of emotional information possible. Using emotions the ability to harness emotions to facilitate various cognitive activities, such as thinking and problem solving. The emotionally intelligent person can capitalize fully upon his or her changing moods in order to best fit the task at hand.

 Understanding emotions the ability to comprehend

emotion language and to appreciate complicated relationships among emotions. For example, understanding emotions encompasses the ability to be sensitive to slight variations between emotions, and the ability to recognize and describe how emotions evolve over time. Managing emotions the ability to regulate emotions in both ourselves and in others. Therefore, the emotionally intelligent person can harness emotions, even negative ones, and manage them to achieve intended goals.

 The ability EI model has been criticized in the

research for lacking face and predictive validity in the workplace.[

Mixed model
The model introduced by Daniel Goleman focuses on EI as

a wide array of competencies and skills that drive leadership performance. Goleman's model outlines four main EI constructs:
1.

2. 3.

4.

Self-awareness the ability to read one's emotions and recognize their impact while using gut feelings to guide decisions. Self-management involves controlling one's emotions and impulses and adapting to changing circumstances. Social awareness the ability to sense, understand, and react to others' emotions while comprehending social networks. Relationship management the ability to inspire, influence, and develop others while managing conflict.

Cont..
Goleman includes a set of emotional competence

within each construct of EI. Emotional competencies are not innate talents, but rather learned capabilities that must be worked on and can be developed to achieve outstanding performance. Goleman posits that individuals are born with a general emotional intelligence that determines their potential for learning emotional competencies. Goleman's model of EI has been criticized in the research literature as mere pop psychology (Mayer, Roberts, & Barsade, 2008).

Trait EI model
Petrides and colleagues (see also Petrides, 2009)

proposed a conceptual distinction between the ability based model and a trait based model of EI. Trait EI is "a constellation of emotional selfperceptions located at the lower levels of personality". In lay terms, trait EI refers to an individual's selfperceptions of their emotional abilities.

 This definition of EI encompasses behavioral

dispositions and self perceived abilities and is measured by self report, as opposed to the ability based model which refers to actual abilities, which have proven highly resistant to scientific measurement. Trait EI should be investigated within a personality framework. An alternative label for the same construct is trait emotional self-efficacy.

 The trait EI model is general and subsumes the

Goleman and Bar-On models discussed above. The conceptualization of EI as a personality trait leads to a construct that lies outside the taxonomy of human cognitive ability. This is an important distinction in as much as it bears directly on the operationalization of the construct and the theories and hypotheses that are formulated about it.

Influencing
DRIVING FORCE
SOCIAL COMPETENCE PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH PHYSICAL HEALTH

EMOTION REGULATION

 Situation selection : perilaku mendekati

atau menjauhi orang atau situasi tertentu atas dasar dampak emosi yang diharapkan akan timbul, dalam penelitian ini misalnya untuk menghindari ketakutan akan suasana rumahsakit, partisipan selalu ingin ditemani ibu (perilaku partisipan mendekati ibu atau orang yang dianggap dapat membuat nyaman)

Modification situation
memodifikasi situasi yang ada, yang tidak dapat lagi dipilih, agar efek emosinya teralihkan, melalui modifikasi lingkungan eksternal dan fisik,

bentuknya bisa berupa hadirnya individu lain dan tindakan dari individu tersebut, atau modifikasi lingkungan fisik, misalnya kehadiran ibu atau teman ketika menghadapi situasi yang membangkitkan emosi untuk menenangkan anak agar respon emosi tidak muncul, kemudian juga lingkungan fisik berupa pengaturan ruangan tempat perawatan anak yang disesuaikan dengan nuansa anak yang menyenangkan, seperti warna dinding yang cerah, adanya mainan dan ruang bermain, dan sebagainya

 Attentional deployment : perilaku yang menunjukkan cara

bagaimana seseorang mengarahkan perhatiannya didalam sebuah situasi untuk mengatur emosinya, bisa dianggap sebagai versi internal dari situation selection. Strategi utama kelompok ini adalah konsentrasi dan distraksi, yang bisa terjadi dalam tiga bentuk yaitu (1) penarikan perhatian berupa fisik, misalnya menutup mata atau telinga ketika takut melihat atau mendengar sesuatu yang menakutkan, (2) mengarahkan kembali perhatian internal, misalnya melalui distraksi atau konsentrasi, dan (3) merespon kembali pengalihan perhatian pada seseorang yang dilakukan oleh orang lain,seorang misalnya seorang anak yang akan diberikan kemoterapi, oleh ibunya dikatakan bahwa jarum suntik itu akan menghancurkan sel darah putih yang nakal, maka respon anak yang menunjukkan perilaku distraksi dari ketakutannya akibat dari pernyataan ibu itu, merupakan salah satu bentuk attentional deployment

 Cognitive change : cara seseorang mengubah penilaian

terhadap situasi dengan tujuan mengubah signifikansi emosi, bisa juga dikatakan versi internal dari situation modification Response modulation : mempengaruhi respon emosi (perilaku, pengalaman subyektif, fisiologis) yang sudah muncul, misalnya menekan rasa marah kepada seseorang, menangis saat sedih.