Urinary System

Can you hold it long enough for me to get through this lecture?

QUICK REVIEW OF ELIMINATION

Lungs eliminate CO2 Sweat glands eliminate excess heat, salt Digestive tractindigestible solids, bacteria Urinary tract is the main system of elimination

A little vocab
Uria or Ur- urine Cyst- bladder Nephr or Ren- kidney Dys- painful

 Anuria
Without urine

Cystitis
Inflammation of the bladder

Dysuria
Painful urination

Hematuria
Blood I urine

Hydronephrosis
> water in kidney

Renal
Pertaining to kidney

The Urinary Tract

Urinary tract consists of 2 kidneys, 2 ureters, one bladder and one urethra. Kidney location:
Retroperitoneal Dorsal wall of abdominal cavity 12th thoracic and 3rd lumbar vertebrae

Urethra
1.5 inches in women, 8 inches in men

 Outer layer- Cortex Inner layer- Medulla Calyx- collects urine as it is formed, join together to form the ureter

 Kidneys filter blood- 2, 000 L/day (500 gal)

remove waste products and reabsorb water, other valuable substances. 1.5 L of urine/day

Metabolism produces toxic substances- esp nitrogen containing waste as a by-product of protein breakdown We eliminate nitrogen as urea- water soluble

 The main functional unit of the kidney is called the NEPHRON. 1 million per kidney Most of nephron located in renal cortex Loop of Henle is located in the renal medulla

 Capillaries in glomerulus filter blood- Bowman capsule collects ultra filtrate Through passive and active diffusion, 95% of water is reabsorbed, along with K, Na, Ca Other things are actively excreted, like drugs. Excretion is controlled by hormones such as ADH from hypothalamus


1. 2. 3. 4.

Urine is made in 4 steps Filtration Reabsorption Secretion Excretion

A urinalysis is the most common noninvasive medical test ordered

Diseases of the Kidney

Acute Kidney failure- sudden loss of function
Causes: nephritis, shock, injury, heart failure or poisoning Symptoms: anuria or oliguria. Uremia, nausea, coma, death

Chronic Kidney failure- gradual loss of function due to hypertension (high blood pressure) or endocrine disease Cystitis- inflammation of the urinary bladder

Dialysis, Kidney transplant

Hemodialysis- serves as an artificial kidney 2-3x/week for 2-4 hours Peritoneal dialysis- uses patients own peritoneal lining to filter blood Kidney transplant- need suitable donor. Only need one, but must take antirejection drugs for the life of the patient