Geo informatics

Dr. Mukta Girdhar

Geo informatics includes:

Remote Sensing(RS) Geographic Information System (GIS) Global Positioning System (GPS)

REMOTE SENSING
Earth observation from space can provide information to meet meteorological needs, Resources Mapping, monitoring requirements and sustainable development -INSAT Satellite -IRS Satellite Remote Sensing is not alien to human beings. They make use of it in their daily life. The three essential components of a remote sensing system are inbuilt in every human being. Non contact Sensors: Eye, ear and nose Platform: Human body Data acquisition and processing: Brain Eyes respond to the electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) in the visible spectrum of 0.4 to 0.7 and enable three dimensional visualization of our surroundings.

Uses of Remote Sensing in Disaster Management

Identify hazard and risk modeling of tsunamis,

hurricanes, earthquakes and disease pandemics etc. Models of extreme oceanic, land and atmospheric phenomena as well as pandemic outbreaks Remote sensing based early warning systems for natural disasters such as tsunamis, hurricanes, earthquakes, floods, etc, when other network fails. Satellite and/or airborne observations of extreme natural events in support of disaster response Damage and loss assessment using satellites and airborne sensors for different disasters.
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 Geographic Information System (GIS)

GIS is a system of hardware and software used for storage, retrieval, mapping, and analysis of geographic data. Practitioners also regard the total GIS as including the operating personnel and the data that go into the system. Spatial features are stored in a coordinate system (latitude/longitude, state plane, UTM, etc.), which references a particular place on the earth.

GIS comes into the picture

We know that any planning and management process requires data as a support to take decision. If the data is on paper or even in computers in tabular format, it cant be as useful as data represented on maps because this can enable us to create various thematic analyses ad hoc. It is said that A Picture is worth a Thousand Words

Global Positioning System (GPS)

The GPS (Global Positioning System) is a "constellation" of

24 well-spaced satellites that orbit the Earth and make it possible for people with ground receivers to pinpoint their geographic location. The location accuracy is anywhere from 100 to 10 meters for most equipment. This is the only system today able to show your exact position on the earth any where, in any weather Where I am ? How do I get to my destination?

Global Positioning System

Your location is: 17o 23.323 N 78o 32.162 E 532.456 m

Disaster Management Cycle

Identification & Planning Mitigation Preparedness Response Recovery

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GIS in Disaster Relief / management

( Earthquake, Landslides, Floods, Manmade Disaster.....)

Disaster Planning
Predicting The risk of event Impact of event: - Human Life
- Property - Environment

Response requirement study / Preparedness Alternate / Best route for sending relief Evacuation routes

Protection needs Identifying affected vegetation in wildfire Reinforcement of structures in case of earthquakes Evacuation center development

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GIS in Disaster Relief / management

Modeling & simulation (using GIS)
Visualize the scope of disaster High risk prone areas Lives & property at higher risk Response resources

Modeling Disaster assistance center

Number of people affected Availability of shelter facilities Essential & affective preparedness Communication Tools Training Tools

Records management
Post Disaster claims Status of repairs Staffing & organizing Report generation

Visualization
Display damaged & unsafe structures
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Service Areas

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Fire Management System, Delhi

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Buildup area of Delhi.

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C.P. Area

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Fire stations

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Hospitals

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Police stations

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Bye lanes Major Roads

Minor roads Road Network

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Water tanks

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Open/Green areas

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All layers merged

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Focus Area:- C.P.

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3d Visualisations

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Development of the model (Fire support system)

The model is able to analyse the following queries.
1.

Display information of various fire safety parameters of the affected building. Calculating point to point distances. Analysing the nearest feature of interest with respect to the affected area.

2. 3.

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Database development:
To develop a database on:1. High rise buildings (initially for C.P.) 2. Fire stations. 3. Nearby hospitals. 4. Water tanks 5. Police stations. 6. Road network. 7. Park/Open areas.(For rehabilitation)

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Info tool

(1.) Instant display of the information

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Display of the attribute By placing the cursor on the affected building

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Instant display of all the Information attached

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Plan of the construction of the affected building

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2. Analysing the nearest feature of interest with respect to the affected area.

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Advantages of the system

Instant display of all the fire safety parameters of the concerned building.
Shortest route to the scene of incident. Nearest fire station, hospitals, water tank etc.

Efficient management of resources available at the nearest fire stations.

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Preparation of a GIS based inventory of hospitals capable of handling of mass casualty in any eventuality

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The study undertaken included 62 hospitals with a total bed capacity of 13,739 beds with a mean of 193 beds and median of 60.5 to make an database on GIS problem. All the CATS units were geocoded along with their base hospital units and location and analysis was done . The various buffers generated at different pre-determined distances were analysed using buffers around the venue with respect to the CATS units and hospitals facilities reflected the spatial inequality and the existing facilities where affected can be mobilized effectively after Incident on site triage. The localization of CATS at strategic locations can effectively minimize the response timings. Also it is prudent to cluster the CATS units in a standard operating procedure which is dynamic and evidence based rather than on basis of assumptions and primary reflections of CATS team. The effectiveness of pooling in hospital ambulance units (dispatch units ) and synchronization with CATS can yield very good results.

Defined input layers and attributes: Hospitals 1.

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Defined input layers and attributes: CATS Units

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Buffer at 500 meters

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Buffer zone at one km around the venue

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List of hospitals in 2 Km buffer zone

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Buffer zone at Five kms around the venue- List of Hospitals

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Spatial Reach; CATS at 3 km buffer zone

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Spatial Reach; CATS at 3 km buffer zone

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Buffer at 5 Km with Hosp & CATS

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The creation of data base of hospitals and contingent facilities need to be not only geocoded but up-linked with web and updated periodically with hospital information system to enable real time data analysis and retrieval. A possible GPS link up of CATS And other ambulances in cluster if can be integrated together than a coordinated and effective response mechanism would be a reality. The buffer at one kilometer included only three hospitals and five CATS units. While a total of 15 hospitals were found to be located in the buffer zone at two kilometres with a bed capacity of 5955 and 9 hospitals having dedicated burns units with a mean ambulance availability of 2.8. Although seven CATS units were located in the zone but they were found clustered. The evidence of spatial modeling and decision making was obvious here as the analysis showed that if CATS unit is stationed at Khel gaon Marg , it could cater to DLTA, JLN stadia and Sirifort games complex.

In the buffer zone at three kilometers, there were 33 hospitals with dedicated burns facility in 19 with a mean of 301 beds and 16 CATS units . In addition to 2 km buffer segments 18 additional hospitals with a bed strength of 3944 were included in the zone. Three km buffer showed optimum response capabilities with few spatial hurdles which could be rectified by changing the locations of the CATS units. The spatial accessibility in this zone is better at Jawaharlal Nehru stadium and RK khanna stadium with AIIMS & PSRI within reach respectively which are both multi speciality hospitals capable of handling mass casualty with adequate care. In addition to zone 3km , 5km buffer zone provides additional bed capacity of 1926 beds with mean of 143 and median of 70 with the coverage of three major multi speciality trauma and burns center. Even at 5km range the major response center Of Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital remains elusive to Major Common Wealth Games site. The central question of the study has been to address the spatial inequity in hospital resources and response capability in the event of mass casualty. Poor locational decisions are one of the important resons for poor access to health services. The locations of health infrastructure becomes crucial in times mass casulty, as the first responders have the limitation of administering first aid in terms of standard guidelines.

Linkages to Mass Casualty Management

These events are complex, difficult to manage and require the involvement of many agencies, many of which seldom work together outside a particular emergency. Preparing for such events requires uncommon levels of collaboration, preparedness, and timely ability to create a common vision of the what,where, and how that will guide effective response. Of all the emergency events that remain most illusive to the first responder community, bioterrorism is likely one of the most difficult to prepare for, protect against, and respond to effectively.The agencies involved includes: Hospital emergency department Law enforcement department Transportation services Fire services Medical and surgical facilities Pharmacies Public works departments Public health agencies Central health agencies State public health agencies

The major hurdles as recognised in the planning of a mass casualty response are the overwhelming proportions, no/minimal facilities for triage, poor emergency support network and a perennial resources crunch. Inevitably the ability to manage such a situation is dependent on the existing infrastructure and existing trauma and critical care systems in the affected area.

Similarly well tested emergency preparedness and response plans are necessary. To reduce mortality and morbidity in the first hours and days following a disaster, local response capability and infrastructure management must be strengthened to ensure the best outcomes for those severely injured in an event. And the replicability of SDI and GIS platform as also the assistance for timely interventions increases manifolds if above scientific platforms are used. As it can provide assistance in mobilizing optimal resources, routing patients to the most nearest and capable facility and provide a logical framework for Tier I and Tier II workers and law enforcement agencies.

Bhiwani District- Haryana

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Dengue fever (DF)

 The data collected through personal interviews from both dengue affected samples

(DAS) and unaffected samples (UAS). Findings indicated that out of sixty socioeconomic and socio-cultural variables, only sixteen were co-related significantly with Dengue. These sixteen variables were used in the stepwise regression model; only eight variables, namely, frequency of days of cleaning of water storage containers, housing pattern, use of evaporation cooler, frequency of cleaning of evaporation cooler, protection of water storage containers, mosquito protection measures, frequency of water supply and waste disposal made a Dengue risk levels associated with social and cultural parameters in Jalore significant contribution to the incidences of DF/DHF/DSS. The geographical information system (GIS) has been used to link the spatial and significant socio-cultural indicators with the disease data. Using factorial discriminate analysis and spatial modeling with these eight socio-cultural indicators, five classes of risk categories ranging from very low to very high were identified based on the analysis of socio-cultural practices adopted by DAS and UAS and from the application of GIS. Below figure shows the

Malaria Mapping in Belize

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Malaria Mapping in Belize

This image taken over San Pedro, Belize, by a Landsat

satellite, shows the distribution of malaria cases in the area. The yellow and orange dots show where most outbreaks occurred per household. The vegetation in the surrounding countryside is colored red in this image, while human settlements and roads are light blue. (Image courtesy Uniformed Health Services)

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Web - GIS applications in Disaster Management : application to the Tsunami

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Next few slides show the creation of

base maps and showing different

features in different layers

Villages shown in Red are the most affected ones because they are about 5 km away from the coast. Villages shown in Blue can provide help to the affected region as they lie within

A base map showing the coastal region.

5 to 10 km belt from the coast.

Map-Querying, ad-hoc, on-line

Important information of the map objects can be instantly accessed by placing the cursor on the objects.

Categorizing Villages

Possible Shelters

Hospitals and medical facilities

Point-and-Click shows the medical balance. Before the event, only the resources would be shown. After the event we would update the Patients field. More points would be added as and when emergency clinics and First Aid posts are set up.

8-Km Isochrone around Hospital

The 2x2 km grid cells give an idea of the geographical distribution of Population. (Gives an idea of the potential number of refugees.)
(map created using the GCGeoMiner module; size of grid is up to the user)

Over-served and underserved areas. (In this case for Medical centres - we need some more emergency clinics.) The same analysis could be done for Food godowns and distribution centres, etc.

A 1 km Buffer Zone around Creeks / river beds; locations requiring study

59 Villages are found to be in the 1 km x 12 km buffer up the river beds

Hosting the maps on the Internet

A Web GIS

Need of Web GIS in Disaster management

Accessibility and dissemination of timely and accurate information Centralized Control: A web GIS can disseminate information from a control room which can reach everyone. Authenticity and accuracy are guaranteed. Only one map needs to be maintained at the server. Changes made in the map are reflected everywhere No need for a GIS Software with the users No need for training the users in GIS Instant Feedback and updation: The current status can be updated from moment to moment
Web-based GIS play a vital role in this aspect providing timely and right information to the concerned people and the emergency managers for taking necessary actions

Maps on a web browser on a Palmtop

These pictures show a simulated GeoConcept Pocket GIS working on the Compaq palmtop. We are, however, recommending that the palmtop be used with only a browser.

The base-map. Each button is labelled. Clicking on it will bring up a specific map.

Result of pressing the Medical Facility button

Service Area of a Hospital

We spelled out the name of a village; the map was re-centred on that village; we clicked on it and the attribute-data appears below.

Quick Navigation on the map

Various positions on the map can be saved which can be accessed with a single mouse click

Viewing a map at different zoom levels : More

features may appear as you zoom in.

Possible Shelters

The High Schools, Middle Schools etc. and other Pucca constructions can be identified. They can be potential shelters.

Villages which are far from the coast might still be affected because they are near the rivers. A 1-Km buffer on each side of the river bed.

Showing the Population density by using a Grid can be useful in identifying what are likely to be the worst-affected areas

These areas are densely populated and are very near the coastline

The slides shown are only a few examples of using GIS especially WEB-GIS - in Disaster Management with special reference to Cyclones and the Tsunami. A similar case could be made for GIS-aided management of other natural disasters, such as Earthquakes and monsoon flooding.

Effective use of GIS in advance of any actual event enables one to plan the pre-deployment of things in the right place telecom equipment, shelters, medicine, jeeps; also to micro-manage information in the postdisaster period - identify the most vulnerable locations; direct traffic onto the routes that are open, etc.; and finally to provide monitoring and evaluation support in the longterm for rehabilitation.

Objective: Develop a Geospatial system to meet the operational requirements of different users involved in relief & rescue, flood management and long term flood control measures.

Functionalities: Access & update the spatial database; Analysis of flood event; Generate statistics and outputs for presentation of flood information; Facilitating Simple & complex queries. Outputs: Overview/regional inundation map; Relief support inundation map; Breach & embankment location map; Seasonal flood summary; Brief flood report with Hydrologic status.

Damage information system

Flood inundation map

. . .

Road & Rail network Settlements Land use map Base map

Main window with Navigation and Identify Tools

Main window with Navigation and Identify Tools

Secured Logging for Data Management

Authorized Data Viewing, Append and Update facility

Overview inundation Map

Regional inundation Map

Relief support inundation map

Targeting and Reaching out..

PUNJAB & HARYANA FLOODS - 2010

Heavy torrential rain during the first week of July have Lashed many parts of Haryana region, flooding low lying areas . Ambala and Kurukshetra districts were worst effected by floods. Most rivers including seasonal Tangri, Ghaggar and Beng were reported to be in spate. Several villages of Kurukshetra and Ambala districts have been marooned in deep water due to a 100-feet breach in Sutiej - Yamuna Link (SYL) canal at Gulabgarh village. The Ghaggar innundated more villages due to its breaches at several places .

2005

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Flooding in Mozambique (2000)

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Flooding in Mozambique
This pair of images from Landsat 7 shows the incredible

amount of flooding that occurred in March of 2000 in Mozambique. A month of rains and two cyclones caused the Limpopo River to swell to 80 km wide in places. Several hundred people were killed, and over a million were forced from their homes. (Image courtesy of NASA)

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Delhi Geo-Portal
Forests Commonwealth Games DMRC

DDMA

MCD

31 30 28

DDA

2 3

NDMC

Line Departments of GNCTD

Revenue

27
25 23
Evaluation Deployment at MC & CC Feasibility Study

5
6
Planning & Mobilizatio n Requirement Analysis

DJB
DTL BSES Rajdhani

DIMTS

Trade & Taxes

Excise & Entertainment & Luxury Tax

22 21 20 19 18
DPCC Health & Family Welfare DTTDC

DSSDI GeoPortal (Internet

/Intranet)

7
BSES Yamuna

8
NDPL

Dept. of Labour
Irrigation & Flood Control

Implementation

9
Application Development Process in DSSDI
Testing Gap Analysis
IGL

10
PWD
DTC Fire Service

DSIIDC
Census Dept.

Development

Design & Prototyping

11 12

17 16 15 14
Education

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Delhi Police

Election Commission

Components of Delhi Project

COMPONENT A: GPS Control, Aero Triangulation /Digital Elevation Model/Orthophoto COMPONENT D : 3D GIS 3D Topology, Texturing, 3D Visualisation, GIS Application
COMPONENT B : SYSTEM DESIGN/ INTEGRATION Database schema, 10 Monitoring Centers, 2 Control Centers, DSSDI Geoportal, Training

Delhi SDI PROJECT

COMPONENT C : PRIMARY DATA CAPTURE 3D Mapping, Property Survey, Utility Survey, UIS & LIS

Application Development for Line Departments

Line Depts.
Requirement analysis Database Design Document

Survey
Utility Survey Photogrammetric Survey

Property Survey

Census of India Commonwealth Games Delhi 2010 Delhi Development Authority Delhi Disaster Management Authority Delhi Fire Services Delhi Integrated Multi-Modal Transit System Limited Delhi Jal Board Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. Delhi Police Delhi Pollution Control Committee Delhi State Industry & Infrastructure Dev. Corp. Ltd. Delhi Tourism & Transport Dev Corporation Ltd. Delhi Transco Limited Delhi Transport Corporation Department of Forests Department of Health & Family Welfare Department of Irrigation & Flood Control Department of Trade and Taxes Directorate of Education Excise Entertainment and Luxury Tax Department Indraprastha Gas Limited Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Ltd Municipal Corporation of Delhi New Delhi Municipal Council North Delhi Power Limited Office of the Chief Electoral Officer, Delhi Office of the Labour Commissioner Public Works Department Revenue Department Yamuna & Rajdhani BSES Power Limited

Spatial Data Generation - Categories Boundary Building Transportation Utility Land Use Cadastre Hydrography Hypsography Images DEM Framework

Field Validation

Attribute Data Attachment

Application Development for Line Departments

Metadata Creation

DSSDI - Generic Applications Details for Line Departments of GNCTD

Line Department

Login

Map Navigation

Query

Analysis

Report

Attribute Update

Help

Spatial Analysis Query Builder Proximity Analysis Address Locator Network Analysis Map Classification Planning & Monitoring

Department Specific Query

Degraded hills in Panchkula district

4/4/2013

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DESERTIFICATION STATUS MAP

4/4/2013

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4/4/2013

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ORISSA CYCLONE, 1999

A super-cyclone hit Orissa on 29.10.99
12 Districts Affected

About 10,000 killed

12.6 million people affected 1.2 million houses damaged 3.55 lakh cattle lost
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28 29 30Oct Oct -3gmt 6gmt 9gmt 3gmt 6gmt 9gmt

SUPER CYCLONE OVER ORISSA COAST

INSAT IMAGES SHOWING THE CYCLONE MOVEMENT DURING 28 OCT TO 30 OCT, 1999

...AND THE AFTERMATH

NEARLY 3.75 LAKH Ha. INUNDATED
ROAD, POWER AND COMMUNICATION NETWORKS SEVERELY AFFECTED IN 10 115 COASTAL DISTRICTS

POST-CYCLONE SATELLITE DATA

02 Nov,1999 04 Nov,1999 05 Nov,1999

Radarsat

Radarsat

IRS-1D WiFS

IRS-1D WiFS

IRS-1D WiFS

IRS-1C WiFS

08 Nov,1999

11 Nov,1999

13 Nov,1999

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CROP DAMAGE ASSESSMENT USING IRS WiFS DATA

PRE - CYCLONE NDVI

VEGETATION VIGOUR

POST - CYCLONE NDVI

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Earth Observation Satellite

Communication

Met Data
Utilization Disaster Warning Flood map Drought Bulletin
Disaster Education Health

Local Nodes

Relief Agencies

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Hurricane Katrina (August 2005)

Began as tropical depression in central Bahamas

afternoon of 23 August 2005. Made landfall along SE coast of Florida evening of 25th as Category 1 hurricane. Regained hurricane status after emerging into Gulf of Mexico, becoming Category 1 storm morning of 26th of August. Conditions in Gulf were favorable for Katrina to intensify. Evening of 26th, Katrina was Category 2 storm and continued to move slowly W-SW in southeastern Gulf of Mexico. Morning of 27th, Katrina became Category 3 storm with maximum sustained winds of 100 knots (115 mph).
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Hurricane Katrina from TRMM (#1)

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Hurricane Katrina from TRMM (#1)

This first image was taken at 03:24 UTC 28 August

2005 (11:24 pm EDT 27 August) just as Katrina was about to become a Category 4 hurricane in the central Gulf of Mexico. The image reveals the horizontal distribution of rain intensity within Katrina as obtained from TRMM's sensors. Rain rates in the central portion of the swath are from TRMM Precipitation Radar (PR). PR is able to provide fine resolution rainfall data and details on the storm's vertical structure. Rain rates in the outer swath are from the TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI). The rain rates are overlaid on infrared (IR) data from the TRMM Visible Infrared Scanner (VIRS). TRMM reveals that Katrina has a closed eye surrounded by concentric rings of heavy rain (red areas) that are associated with outer rain bands. 123

Hurricane Katrina from TRMM (#2)

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Hurricane Katrina from TRMM (#2)

The second image was taken at the same time as the

first image and shows a 3D perspective of Katrina with a cut-away view through the eye of the storm. The vertical height is determined by the height of precipitation-sized particles as measured by the TRMM PR. Two isolated tall towers (in red) are visible: one in an outer rain band and the other in the northeastern part of the eyewall. This area of deep convection in the eyewall is associated with the area of intense rainfall in the eyewall. The height of the eyewall tower is 16 km. Towers this tall near the core are often an indication of intensification as was true with Katrina, which became a Category 4 storm soon after this image was taken.
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Hurricane Katrina from TRMM (#3)

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Hurricane Katrina from TRMM (#3)

The final image was taken at 02:29 UTC August 29th

(9:29 pm CDT August 28). The center of Katrina does not fall within the PR swath in this image. However, the large eye of the storm is clearly visible using TMI by the large ring of moderate intensity rain, (green annulus). The first outer rain bands with embedded areas of heavy rain (red areas) are already impacting the coast in southeastern Louisiana. At the time of this image, Katrina was at Category 5 intensity with maximum sustained winds measured at 140 knots (161 mph) by NHC. Katrina initially made landfall at 6:10 am CDT along the Mississippi delta as a strong Category 4 storm. (TRMM Imagery by NASA/JAXA)
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KOSI FLOODS BIHAR -2008

Significant portion of the Kosi (75%) is flowing Through embankment Around 25% in the main channel

The Current flow of the river after the embankment breach is following the old course of 1926

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Image credit: Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Storm summary: Rob Gutro, Goddard Space Flight Center.

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 CHANGING NATURE OF FLOODPLAINS

Floodplains are neither static nor stable.

Composed of unconsolidated sediments, they are rapidly eroded during floods and

High flows of water, or they may be the site on which new layers of mud, sand, and silt are deposited.

A Close View of Embankment Breaches in part of Puri District

IRS-1D LISS-III + PAN merged data of 08-Sep-03

Breach

Affected Road

These LISS-III, PAN merged images show the breaches in embankments of Daya River, a distributary of Mahanadi, near Pipli area in Puri district. Affected roads can also be seen in the image.

Orissa Floods - 2007

Floods hit Orissa due to heavy rains in Orissa state during first week of July 2007 due to depression in Bay of Bengal. Rivers Subarnarekha and Baitarini were in spate. Subarnarekha had crossed its previous HFL on 7th July 07 The worst affected districts were Balasore, Bhadrak, Jajpur, Keonjhar and Mayurbanj
PRE-FLOOD Keonjhar Balasore DURING FLOOD

Bhadrak Flood Inundation

Jajpur Kendrapara

IRS-P6 AWiFS Image of 24-Mar-06

IRS-P6 AWiFS Image of 08-July-07

Flood Recedence in part of Khammam District, AP State

Flood Image Flood Image Flood Recedence

Flood Inundation

Flood Inundation

Flood Inundation as on 08-Jul-06

IRS-P6 AWiFS Image of 07-Jul-06

IRS-P6 LISS-III Image of 08-Jul-06

Flood Recession
River course

Barmer Floods-2006 Village boundaries overlaid on IRS LISS 3 data

Water spread as on 5th September and 15th September, 2006 Kawas Uttarlai Malwa

17.25 sq km

14.83 sq km

19.64 sq km

4.66 sq km 19.53 sq km

3.95 sq km

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17.01.98

False color composites 17.05.98

08.10.98

Vegetation Index - NDVI

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Synoptic & Close View of Rockslide Around Ghingran, Uttaranchal

Recent Landslides in Uttarakhand

Year 1998, 12-18th August 1998, 12th August Place Malpa, Pithoragarh district Okhimath, Rudraprayag district Death 210 107

2002, 10 -11th August

2003, Sept-Oct 2004, 1-6th July

Ghansyali Tehsil, TehriGarhwal

Uttarakashi Chamoli District

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Landslide Lake in Tibet Floods India

Roughly a year after forming behind a landslide dam, the lake on the Pareechu River in Tibet began to drain on June 26, 2005. Water and mud gushed down the Pareechu River into the Sutlej, the major river that flows through Indias Himachal Pradesh state. Thousands were evacuated from the banks of the Sutlej, and though several bridges and buildings were damaged or destroyed, no injuries were reported in the flood, according to news reports.

Uttarkashi Landslide
Already predicted in 2002
Sliding started in Sept 2003 Continues till date Property loss over 300 crores No lives lost
IRS-LISS-III images taken before and after Varunavat landslide in 2003

Landslides in the Alkananda valley

Questions ??? Is it related to Earthquake in 1991, 1999 and in recent times

Varunavat Landslide, Uttarkashi

IRS-PAN image

A case study from Sikkim Himalayas

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SEWAGE DISCHARGE

MUMBAI CITY SEWAGE DISCHARGE IN MAHIM BAY

IRS-1D LISS-III IMAGE

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Korangi Mangrove forest near Kakinada

<-Aqua culture

MANGROVE DEGRADATION DUE TO AQUA CULTURE ALONG KAKINADA COAST

IRS1D LISS-III AND PAN MERGED IMAGE

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Devastating fire at IOC Oil Depot Jaipur, India

IOCL Terminal Jaipur, Fire 29/10/2009

A massive fire broke out at the Indian Oil Corporation depot in Sitapura Industrial Area of Jaipur on Thursday night. This led to an uncontrollable fire which engulfed 12 huge tanks.Nearly one lakh kilolitres of fuel, worth Rs 500 crore just burn out. The flames, had thrown up huge columns of thick, black smoke which blocked sunlight. Officials and firefighters finally decided to wait for the burning fuel to get consumed and for the fire to extinguish by itself, as there seemed to be no other alternative.An area of 5 km radius had been marked as danger zone.

General Layout of Terminal & Occurrence of Incident

slide 165

Uran Plant

Map showing location of IOC depot at Jaipur and its adjoining areas

Area where Fire smoke of IOC depot observed

Satellite image overlay on land records map

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Forestry

MODIS-detected real-time fire hot-spot image

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USEM
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USEM
173

USEM
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Tsunami Damage (December 2004)

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Tsunami Damage
The island of Phuket on the Indian Ocean coast of

Thailand is a major tourist destination and was also in the path of the tsunami that washed ashore on December 26, 2004, resulting in a heavy loss of life. These simulated natural color ASTER images show a 27 kilometer (17mile) long stretch of coast north of the Phuket airport on December 31 (right), along with an image acquired two years earlier (left). The changes along the coast are obvious where the vegetation has been stripped away. These images are being used to create damage assessment maps for the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance. Image credit: NASA/JPL.
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USEM

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Before & After Disasters Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Plant

North of Sendai This area, which includes Minamisanriku and the Onagawa nuclear plant, was closest to the epicenter of the quake. In Minamisanriku alone, more than 10,000 people are missing

One of the hardest hit, this port town was completely devastated. Self- Defence Force rescued 32 people around the quay near the port. More than 4,400 people are sheltered in the town

Sendai's city center, about 7 miles inland, remained largely intact after the quake, but there was massive damage along the coast. Much of the airport, which is less than a mile from the water, was also destroyed.

In this town, search for survivors turned into a search for bodies. Among the dead are mostly elderly people. The Natori river here grew from a sedate flow to a raging wall of destruction

Japans eastern seashore that faced the fury of Fridays tsunami was left severely damaged. Settlements were destroyed and farms were washed away.

The Arahama area of Sendai witness major havoc. Houses were flattened, green cover destroyed and the beach washed away.

Huge quake struck at 2.46pm, An hour later, a vast amount of water rushed in. The waves did not stop till they had reached three miles inland. Very few survivors likely.

In this town, search for survivors turned into a search for bodies. Among the dead are mostly elderly people. The Natori river here grew from a sedate flow to a raging wall of destruction. Yuriage Town

The tsunami left a trail of devastation,reducing the airport to a water world. The runway was inundated, aircraft swept away and the terminal building badly damaged.

Iwaki area Whole neighborhoods were in ruin and cars and debris were piled high around Iwaki.

Early Tsunami Warning System

Basis:

Seismological waves move 30 to 40 times faster (6 to 8 km per sec.) than Tsunami waves (0.2 km per sec). Lead time can be availed to warn coastal community if quick detection and rapid communication systems are established.
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Towards Building Disaster Resilience

Disaster Management Support Programme
National Database for Emergency Mgt. Flood Management Hazard Zonation & Early Warning VPN Communications Decision Support System Landslide Hazard Zonation

Cyclone warning

Drought Monitoring

Satellite based VPN for DMS

Tsunami Response

NIDM IMD CWC PMO

MHA [NEOC]

1 Hub at MHA 7 Expert Nodes at NRSA; IMD; CWC; INCOIS; GSI; NIDM; PMO 4.5 M Antenna; 4 Mbps Bandwidth 22 State Emergency Operations Centres [SEOCs] 1.8 M Antenna

Working with DoD for Early Warning System

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Sea Surface Temperature

Land: green pixels show where foliage is being produced due to photosynthesis; tan pixels show little or no productivity. Ocean: red pixels show warmer surface temperatures, while yellows and greens are intermediate values, and blue pixels show cold water.
Credit: MODIS Instrument Team, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Animation produced using 8-day composite of MODIS data acquired daily over whole globe during first week in April 2000.
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What is GPS
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a Constellation of Earth-Orbiting Satellites for the Purpose of Defining Geographic Positions On and Above the Surface of the Earth.

Space Segment Control Segment User Segment

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Examples of GPS Applications

Emergency Sport and Recreation

Environmental Issues

Fishing

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GPS for Disaster Support

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 Geographic Information Systems

Computer-based methodology for managing and analyzing geographical data

Correlation between various layers of data

Various perspectives of presentation for effective interpretation and analysis of data

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 GPS-GIS integration in fleet management

Real-time Automatic Vehicle Location Position display on map Driver and control-room interaction In-vehicle routing and guidance Monitoring driver and traffic characteristics Security systems

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GPS Augmentations and GIS Integration

Differential GPS Beacons and antennae GLONASS and Galileo Integration
Precise GIS-based maps

to snap back the obtained

positions to the correct route

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Fleet management
Public transport and utility fleets Buses, trams, fire-brigade, police vehicles, ambulances Tracking in case of accidents, thefts or hijackings Fleet performance, detection of irregularities Commercial fleets Supply of raw materials and finished goods Operations control in manufacturing

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Logistics and Supply Chains

Dynamic routing and trip

allocation Prompt supply of raw material and finished Least storage time at warehouses Randomness of transit times, equipment failures and driver availability

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Disaster Recovery (Case Study)

Ground Zero disaster due to the 9/11 attack
Removal of 1.8 million tonnes of debris Enormous costs and management problems Continuing search for human remains and debris testing

for evidence Total loss of the fiber-optic network Multiple disposal sites

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Case Study - Solution

Response center in the American Express building connected to website server at Minneapolis by a fiberoptic network.
GPS receivers on trucks capable of triggering alarms on signal loss, tampering, deviation from given route, unauthorized dumping. GIS maps displaying equipment status and tunnel locations for lowering tracking levels

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Case Study - Results

First time use of GPS-based technology for disaster

recovery by Criticom International Corporation of Minneapolis, Minnesota Task accomplished in 8 months Cost $750 million Vs predicted $7 billion Online access of audit data after closure

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Pilot Experiment
GPS readings for key landmarks and major roads to check for signal availability in the IIT campus Trimble GeoExplorer3 mapping-type hand-held receivers used to log data GPS data processed by Pathfinder Office software version 2.8 GPS data exported to GIS ArcView software version 3.1 to plot colour-gradation of PDOP and Horizontal Precision values along the route

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Pilot Experiment Results

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Pilot Experiment Results (contd.)

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Pilot Experiment Results (contd.)

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Conclusions and Future Work

Precision of positioning obtained in the pilot test good

enough for transportation purposes Canopy problem can be solved using precise GIS-based maps Real-time integration being pursued using rover receiver, modem and transmitter for transmission to base station

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In Times of Emergency
In times of emergency, knowing exactly where the victim is could be the difference between life and death. The global positioning system benefits emergency responders with almost pinpoint accuracy. This cuts down on response time, which could ultimately result in saving someone's life. GPS can be used from the air, ground or sea.

Pinpoint Location of Emergency Reports: GPS equipped cell phones can transmit precise locations. This allows the dispatcher to have an immediate and accurate location instead of relying upon descriptions of people who may be unfamiliar with the area or too distraught to explain their location. The same technology has also helped catch people who make crank calls from their GPS-enabled cell phone. Speedy Arrival Thanks To GPS: GPS software can be used to quickly tell which emergency vehicle is closest to an accident or other emergency. With GPS coordinates associated with land-line telephone numbers, an emergency location can be quickly plotted on a map and the closest emergency response vehicle can be quickly identified, saving precious minutes off of the response time.

Ground Emergency Response with Car Navigation

Step1: Turn the GPS on. Allow the device to track satellites. Once the system has tracked the satellites, it will display where

you are. The GPS is now ready to use.

Step2: Locate where the emergency is. This information is usually provided by the dispatcher. The street address can be entered into the GPS. Step3: Follow the step-by-step directions as the GPS guides you to the location of the emergency. Very useful for Fire departments/Police departments/Ambulances-Hospitals and other emergency services

Emergency Response Using GPS From Aircraft

Step1: Turn on the GPS prior to

take off. Allow the GPS to boot up and find your current location.
Step2: Check the coordinates of

the emergency location. Relay the coordinates to the emergency response team on the ground. The ground team can then enter the location of the emergency into its GPS to find the exact location.
Step3: Fly to the emergency site.

At-Sea Emergency Response

Step1: Boot up the GPS. Usually

during a response to an at sea emergency, a distress beacon from the boat or ship will emit the coordinates.
Step2: Enter the coordinates into

the GPS to pinpoint the location of the distressed vessel.

Step3: Follow the guidance of the

GPS to successfully respond to the emergency.

GPS Use in Law Enforcement

Tracking Suspected Criminals: GPS units have been used to record and monitor the movements of crime suspects. Use of such information to aid in a

conviction or an investigation has been challenged by defendants as an infringement of their privacy.

Tracking Convicted Criminals: GPS bracelets can be placed on selected felons on parole to monitor their movements. For example: the system could monitor if criminals are staying away from the homes of their victims, travelling to

work each day or going near schools. Such systems can be used to verify that certain restraining orders are being obeyed.
Online Crime Maps: The San Francisco police department is running an online GIS that allows the public to create maps of the locations of different categories of crimes which have occurred over the past 90 days. This is part of their philosophy of keeping the public well informed. Appeal You Speeding Ticket With GPS Data: A few individuals cited for speeding have produced GPS tracking information from their on-board GPS to appeal their ticket. Maybe the officer stopped the wrong car or his radar was malfunctioning?

GPS & MUMBAI ATTACK

Ground Emergency Response : GPS technology helped

the forces to know the location and to respond quickly. It helped them to know the no. of EXIT points, topography.
Tracking : It helped in geographically track via GPS available resources in real time and enabling the creation of mini private networks that allow such resources to be deployed in a manner which maximizes efficiency and effectiveness and minimizes duplication.The data available was also analysed how the GPS was used to guide the terrorist to locations across Mumbai and on the costal belt. Thereby

ensuring proper security can be established at each location in future by creating a GIS network
Prevention: The Mumbai attacks could have been

prevented if the governments of the Indian coastal states had adopted the recommendation of the Coast Guard to fit all fishing boats with a low-cost GPSenabled alarm system. The device known as low cost Distress Alarm Transmitter (DAT), developed by Space Application Laboratory, ISRO Ahmedabad is a small Global Positioning System (GPS) based fisheries alert system.

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Thank You