Presentation by nitesh and sanil

 INRODUCTION PRINCIPLE INSTRUMENTATIO ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES APPLICATION REFERENCES

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INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS PHOSPHORESCENCE ? When light radiation is incident on certain substances , they emit light continuously even after the incident light is cut off. This type of delayed fluorescence is known as
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3. In the third possibility is that the molecule with relatively stable excited singlet state may undergo transition to the metastable triplet state
4. And some times there after returns to ground state the excess of energy the molecules has is given the form of radiation
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5. i.e. when it comes to ground state the molecule usually emits ultra or visible light.

6.This is known phosphorescence emission and the process of crossing from singlet state to triplet state is termed as intersystem crossing
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The decay from the triplet excited state to the ground singlet state is forbidden by spin symmetry and is therefore slow. Thus the life span of phosphorescence is much longer than fluorescence.
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INSTRUMENTATION
PHOSPHORISCOPE :
A SINGLE BEAM PHOSPHOROMETER

Principle: A narrow band of wavelength is incident on absorbing sample, part of it get absorbed & it causes excitation of atoms of sample.

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The excited come back to ground state after sometime emits radiation in all direction. Finally Phosphorescent radiation is converted into electrical pulse which is measured. Same optical path is used for all measurements.

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PHOSPORIMETER AND ITS WORKING :

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ADVANTAGES

Phosphorescent materials store light for several minutes or even hours and re-emit a significant amount of light over a long period of time. Phosphorescent materials can be recharged when exposed to light or other electromagnetic wave.

Phosphorescent materials are also relatively inexpensive and can be used in the form of a powder, gel, liquid, or gas.
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 DISADVANTAGES
Although phosphorescence can be advantageous it also has several disadvantages. For example one cannot be completely sure how bright a phosphorescent material is or how long it will emit light. While most phosphorescent products are precisely measured to provide a certain level of brightness for a few minutes or hours, fluorescent materials may be more ideal for situations that require exact results or long use.
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APPLICATIONS: Determination of aspirin in blood serum

Determination of low concentration of procaine , cocaine, phenobarbital in blood serum

Determination of cocaine and atropine in urine Employed in combination with TLC or paper chromatography

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REFERENCE
Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry by Douglas A. Skoog & http://www.techfaq.com/phosphorescence.html

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Thank you

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