M-EGCH Link Management

All rights reserved 2005, Alcatel
Alcatel BSS B9 release

M-EGCH link management / August 2005
All rights reserved 2005, Alcatel M-EGCH link management / August 2005
Page 2
Agenda
M-EGCH link management
TRX capability
M-EGCH link size
M-EGCH link establishment
M-EGCH link capacity increase
Unused GCHs
M-EGCH link release or capacity decrease
Periodical GCH establishment process
Page 3
TRX capability
Hardware PS capability of a TRX is determined according
to the generation of the BTSs TRE to which the TRX is
mapped (that TRX-to-TRE mapping being done by the
BSC)

TRE generation

HW PS capability of the TRX

G2 (TRE in a DRFU BTS)

CS1/2

G3 (TRE in an Evolium BTS)

CS1/4

G4 (TRE in an Evolium BTS)

CS1/4 + MCS1/9
Page 4
TRX capability
TRX capabilities for GPRS (maximum CS) and for EGPRS
(EGPRS possible or not, and maximum MCS) are
determined at MFS side by taking into account the
following information received from the BSC
Hardware PS capability for each TRX (cf. previous slide)
Max_GPRS_CS O&M parameter
En_EGPRS O&M parameter
Max_EGPRS_MCS O&M parameter

Max_EGPRS_MCS
O&M
GPRS capability
(CS2/CS3/CS4)
Max_GPRS_CS
TRX GPRS
capability
HW PS
capability
BSC
EGPRS capability
(MCS1-MCS9)
En_EGPRS
TRX EGPRS
capability
Page 5
M-EGCH link size
Size of the M-EGCH link of a TRX is expressed by a
number of GCHs, which is computed with the following
variables
Established_Nb_GCH
Current_Nb_GCH
Target_Nb_GCH
Min_Nb_GCH
Page 6
M-EGCH link size
Established_Nb_GCH Definition
Established_Nb_GCH is the number of GCHs that are activated in
the M-EGCH link and that will keep being activated during a certain
time.

Established_Nb_GCH = Nb_GCH_ Activated - Nb_GCH_Reserved_For_Release

On a G4 TRX, the upper value of Established_Nb_GCH is 36
On a G3 TRX, the upper value of Established_Nb_GCH is 14
Page 7
M-EGCH link size
Established_Nb_GCH Depends on
Nb_GCH_ Activated
the number of GCHs which are currently activated in the M-EGCH link of the TRX
(i.e. an Activate-Ack message was received on those GCHs).
Note: the GCHs wich are reserved for release are counted in Nb_GCH_ Activated.
Nb_GCH_Reserved_For_Release: the number of GCHs which are currently
activated in the M-EGCH link of the TRX and which verify one of the following
conditions:
the GCH has been marked to be released (i.e. a Release message will be sent on
that GCH as soon as it becomes possible according to all the constraints)
the GCH is being released (i.e. a Release message has been sent on that GCH, or
an abnormal release was reported for that GCH through a GCH-Release-Indication
message from PTU),
the GCH has been reserved for another TRX (the GCH preemption having not been
performed yet). The TRX which has reserved the resources of the GCH can be in
the same cell (intra-cell GCH preemption for PS traffic) or in another cell of the same
BTS (inter-cell GCH preemption for PS traffic)
Page 8
M-EGCH link size
Current_Nb_GCH
number of GCHs that are already activated or that will be activated in
the future in the M-EGCH link.

Current_Nb_GCH =Established_Nb_GCH + Nb_GCH_Reserved_For_Establishment

Established_Nb_GCH: cf. previous slides
Nb_GCH_Reserved_For_Establishment
number of GCHs which are not yet activated in the M-EGCH link of the
TRX, but which will be activated in the future (as soon as it becomes
possible according to all the constraints). Those GCHs will be activated
with free Abis and Ater nibbles, or with intra-cell or inter-cell GCH
preemptions. The resources of those GCHs have been reserved but the
establishment/preemption requests have not been sent yet, or the
establishment/preemption requests have been sent but the confirmation
messages are still awaited
Page 9
M-EGCH link size
Target_Nb_GCH Definition
Estimation of the number of GCHs necessary in a given M-EGCH
link to carry the signalling and data PS traffic induced by:
TBFs established on the TRX (best-effort or RT TBFs)
MPDCHs established on the TRX
One-UL-blocks allocated to some MSs on the TRX (in case of UL 2 phase
access)
Target_Nb_GCH is only a targeted number of GCHs, which may of
course not be reached in transmission resource (Abis and/or Ater)
congestion situations
Page 10
M-EGCH link size
Target_Nb_GCH Depends on
Nb_PDCH_EGPRS: the number of PDCHs on the TRX on which
radio resources have been allocated for at least one EGPRS TBF
Nb_PDCH_GPRS: the number of PDCHs on the TRX on which radio
resources have been allocated only for GPRS TBFs
Nb_MPDCH: the number of MPDCH(s) that the BSC has requested
the MFS to establish on the TRX
One-UL-blocks allocated on some RTSs of the TRX, i.e.
T_One_Block timer is running on at least one RTS of the TRX
Fast Initial PS Access feature is enabled or not in the cell
The Max_GPRS_CS and Max_EGPRS_MCS O&M parameter
values.
alpha_HiAter values associated to the different PDCHs of the TRX
Page 11
M-EGCH link size
Target_Nb_GCH Depends on

Number of GCHs needed to send one radio block
coded with CSi or MCSi

Number of required GCHs CSi
(i e|1,4|)
UL DL
Nb_GCH(CSi)
CS-1 0,73 0,73 0,73
CS-2 1,00 1,00 1,00
CS-3 1,25 1,22 1,25
CS-4 1,64 1,60 1,64

Number of required GCHs MCSi
(i e|1,9|)
UL DL
Nb_GCH(MCSi)
MCS-1 0,89 0,86 0,89
MCS-2 1,00 1,00 1,00
MCS-3 1,33 1,28 1,33
MCS-4 1,50 1,47 1,50
MCS-5 1,86 1,81 1,86
MCS-6 2,36 2,31 2,36
MCS-7 3,49 3,39 3,49
MCS-8 4,14 4,00 4,14
MCS-9 4,49 4,39 4,49

Page 12
M-EGCH link size
Target_Nb_GCH Formula

1) Target_Nb_GCH =
=
=

GPRS PDCH NB i
i
_ _
1
_GPRS_CS) Nb_GCH(Max er(i) alpha_HiAt
+
=
=

EGPRS PDCH NB i
i
_ _
1
) _EGPRS_MCS Nb_GCH(Max er(i) alpha_HiAt
+ Nb_MPDCH (,
Note: x( means x rounded up to the next higher integer.
where Nb_GCH(Max_GPRS_CS) and Nb_GCH(Max_EGPRS_MCS) are defined according
to the table in the previous slide.

2) If Target_Nb_GCH < Min_Nb_GCH, then
Target_Nb_GCH = Min_Nb_GCH, with Min_Nb_GCH defined in the next slides.

Page 13
M-EGCH link size
Target_Nb_GCH Examples
Assuming there is no MPDCH to establish on the considered TRX,
that the Fast Initial PS Access feature is disabled, and that the Ater
usage of the GPU is normal
Target_Nb_GCH = 1*4.49( = 5 GCHs for the MEGCH link of a TRX
supporting one 1-TS best-effort EGPRS TBF (if the Max_EGPRS_MCS
parameter is set to MCS-9),
Target_Nb_GCH = 1*4.49 + 1*4.49 + 1*4.49 + 1*4.49( = 18 GCHs for the
MEGCH link of a TRX supporting one 4-TS best-effort EGPRS TBF (if the
Max_EGPRS_MCS parameter is set to MCS-9),
Target_Nb_GCH = 1*1.64( = 2 GCHs for the M-EGCH link of a TRX
supporting one 1-TS best-effort GPRS TBF (if the Max_GPRS_CS
parameter is set to CS-4),
Target_Nb_GCH = 1*1.64 + 1*1.64 + 1*1.64 + 1*1.64( = 7 GCHs for the
M-EGCH link of a TRX supporting one 4-TS best-effort GPRS TBF (if the
Max_GPRS_CS parameter is set to CS-4)
Page 14
M-EGCH link size
Target_Nb_GCH Examples
Assuming there is no MPDCH to establish on the considered TRX,
that the Fast Initial PS Access feature is disabled, and that the Ater
usage of the GPU is high
(GCH_RED_FACTOR_High_Ater_Usage parameter is set to 0.75)
Target_Nb_GCH = MAX (0.75*4.49( , Min_Nb_GCH )
= Min_Nb_GCH = 5 GCHs
for the MEGCH link of a TRX supporting one 1-TS best-effort EGPRS
TBF (if the Max_EGPRS_MCS parameter is set to MCS-9)
In this case, Target_Nb_GCH is forced to Min_Nb_GCH
Target_Nb_GCH = 0.75*4.49 + 0.75*4.49 + 0.75*4.49 + 0.75*4.49(
= 14 GCHs
for the MEGCH link of a TRX supporting one 4-TS best-effort EGPRS
TBF (if the Max_EGPRS_MCS parameter is set to MCS-9)
Page 15
M-EGCH link size
Min_Nb_GCH Definition
Estimation of the minimum number of GCHs necessary in a given M-
EGCH link for the TBF and MPDCH traffic supported by the TRX, by
considering a stabilised situation where the Max allowed (M)CS
value of the TBFs established on the TRX has reached the
MAX_GPRS_CS or the MAX_EGPRS_MCS O&M parameter value

Min_Nb_GCH
=
Nb_MPDCH + Nb_GCH_For_Max_Allowed_(M)CS(
Page 16
M-EGCH link size
Min_Nb_GCH Depends on
Nb_GCH_For_Max_Allowed_(M)CS is computed as follows:
If the TRX supports no radio resources
Nb_GCH_For_Max_Allowed_(M)CS = 0,
Else, if the TRX only supports radio resources for GPRS TBFs
Nb_GCH_For_Max_Allowed_(M)CS = Nb_GCH(Max_GPRS_CS),
with Max_GPRS_CS the O&M parameter value, and Nb_GCH(x) defined
in the previous slides
Else, if the TRX supports radio resources for at least one EGPRS TBF
Nb_GCH_For_Max_Allowed_(M)CS = Nb_GCH(Max_EGPRS_MCS),
with Max_EGPRS_MCS the O&M parameter value, and Nb_GCH(x)
defined in the previous slides
Page 17
M-EGCH link size
Min_Nb_GCH Example
In this example, it is assumed that there is no MPDCH allocated on
the TRX.
If there is one GPRS TBF and one EGPRS TBF established on the
TRX, and if Max_EGPRS_MCS = MCS-9, then:
Min_Nb_GCH = 0 + MAX (0, Nb_GCH(MCS-9)( ) = 4.49( = 5
Page 18
M-EGCH link size
Particular cases
The values of
Target_Nb_GCH
Min_Nb_GCH

have to be recomputed in the following cases
Case of a TRX only supporting one-UL-block(s) allocations
Case of a TRX currently used for the Fast Initial PS Access feature

Page 19
M-EGCH link size
Particular case
TRX only supporting one-UL-block(s) allocations
In case there is neither TBF nor MPDCH resources on the TRX (i.e
M-EGCH not established), and in case the TRX is not currently used
for the Fast Initial PS Access feature
If some one-UL-blocks are allocated on some RTSs of the TRX (i.e.
the T_One_Block timer is running on at least one RTS of the TRX),
then the following variables shall be forced to 1:
Target_Nb_GCH = 1
Min_Nb_GCH = 1
Page 20
M-EGCH link size
Particular case
TRX currently used for the Fast Initial PS Access feature
If En_Fast_Initial_GPRS_Access = enabled in the cell, and if the
considered TRX is currently used for the Fast Initial PS Access
feature, then the M-EGCH link of that TRX shall contain
N_GCH_FAST_PS_ACCESS GCHs
If, on the TRX currently used for the Fast Initial PS Access feature,
one of the variables Target_Nb_GCH or Min_Nb_GCH is greater
than or equal to N_GCH_FAST_PS_ACCESS, then this variable is
valid.
But if one of those variables is strictly less than
N_GCH_FAST_PS_ACCESS, then this variable shall be forced to
N_GCH_FAST_PS_ACCESS

Page 21
M-EGCH link size
Particular case
TRX currently used for the Fast Initial PS Access feature
The following rules will always be respected on this TRX
Target_Nb_GCH > N_GCH_FAST_PS_ACCESS,
Min_Nb_GCH > N_GCH_FAST_PS_ACCESS

Among others, updating the variables on the TRX currently used for the
Fast PS Access feature guarantees that the GCHs of that TRX will not
be preempted by some other TRXs (intra-cell or inter-cell GCH
preemptions)
Page 22
M-EGCH link establishment
Conditions to establish an M-EGCH link:
An M-EGCH link is established each time there is some new PS
traffic (TBF, MPDCH or one-UL-block) on a TRX which has currently
no established M-EGCH link
It can also be established due to the Fast Initial PS Access feature
M-EGCH link establishment:
For the sequence of BSS events to establish an M-EGCH link, cf.
scenarios
GCH establishments with free Abis and Ater resources
inter-cell or intra-cell GCH preemptions
A certain number of GCHs (up to Target_Nb_GCH, and in
the limit of the available Abis and Ater transmission
resources) will be attempted to be established, either in
one or in several successive steps
Page 23
M-EGCH link capacity increase
Conditions to increase M-EGCH link capacity:
The number of GCHs of an existing established M-EGCH link may
have to be increased each time there is some new PS traffic (TBF or
one-UL-block) on this TRX
It can also be increased due to the Periodical GCH establishment
process feature
M-EGCH link capacity increase:
For the sequence of BSS events to establish some new GCHs in an
existing M-EGCH link, cf. scenario GCH establishments with free
Abis and Ater resources and inter-cell or intra-cell GCH
preemptions
(Target_Nb_GCH - Established_Nb_GCH) GCHs (in the limit of the
available Abis and Ater transmission resources) will be attempted to
be established, either in one or in several successive steps
Page 24
Unused GCHs
T_GCH_Inactivity timer
An inactivity timer called T_GCH_Inactivity is introduced per M-
EGCH link (instead of per PDCH in B8). It allows to
anticipate the arrival of new PS traffic on a given TRX (PS traffic
interruption followed by a PS traffic resumption on a given TRX),
provide some time for the radio defragmentation process to be completed
in the cell (cf. T3 TBF reallocations),
optimise ping times (cf. the T_GCH_Inactivity_Last timer),
make the Ater nibbles of the released GCHs (on T_GCH_Inactivity timer
expiry) usable by other BTSs, or by other DSPs (if all the 4 nibbles of the
64k Ater TS are freed),
if there is some PS traffic on another TRX in the BTS while the
T_GCH_inactivity timer is running, the unused GCHs can be preempted
to meet the GCH needs of that other TRX (that avoids an Abis-Ater
deswitching operation followed by a reswitching operation in the BSC)
Page 25
Unused GCHs
Each time Established_Nb_GCH becomes strictly higher than
Target_Nb_GCH, the T_GCH_Inactivity timer of the M-EGCH link is
started (if it was not running). Some GCHs are indeed considered to
be no more needed by the M-EGCH link

The established GCHs that are considered to be no more needed in
the M-EGCH link are said to be unused. The other GCHs are said
to be used

When the T_GCH_Inactivity timer of the M-EGCH link expires,
(Established_Nb_GCH Target_Nb_GCH) unused GCHs are
attempted to be released (except if the conditions to launch the
T_GCH_Inactivity_Last timer are verified)
Page 26
Unused GCHs
Page 27
Unused GCHs

Order with which the GCHs are released in an M-EGCH link

1. Basic Abis nibbles mapped to RTSs out of the non preemptable PS
zone of the cell
2. Extra Abis nibbles and bonus basic Abis nibbles
3. Basic Abis nibbles mapped to RTSs within the non preemptable PS
zone of the cell
4. Basic Abis nibbles mapped to RTSs supporting MPDCHs (case of
MPDCH release only)
Page 28
Unused GCHs

If, for any reason, Established_Nb_GCH becomes equal to or less
than Target_Nb_GCH, then the T_GCH_Inactivity timer shall be
stopped if it was running.
While the T_GCH_Inactivity timer is running, a decrease of the
Target_Nb_GCH value may imply that there are some new unused
GCHs in the M-EGCH link. In that case, T_GCH_Inactivity timer shall
not be restarted (to avoid that some transmission resources are kept
established for a too long time while not being effectively used for PS
traffic)
Page 29
Unused GCHs
T_GCH_Inactivity_Last timer
(case of the release of the last TBF in a cell):
An inactivity last timer called T_GCH_Inactivity_Last is introduced
per M-EGCH link (instead of per PDCH in B8).
The behaviour related to the T_GCH_Inactivity_Last timer is only
applicable if En_Fast_Initial_GPRS_Access = disabled
If En_Fast_Initial_GPRS_Access = enabled, the T_GCH_Inactivity_Last
timer shall never be launched.
N_GCH_FAST_PS_ACCESS is an O&M parameter indicating the
number of GCHs that shall be kept established when there is no
more (E)GPRS traffic in a cell. The goal is to allow keeping
N_GCH_FAST_PS_ACCESS established GCHs for a while (during
the T_GCH_Inactivity_Last timer) after the release of the last TBF of
the cell
Those GCHs will be useful in case of (E)GPRS traffic resumption in the
cell (when the Fast Initial PS Access feature is not enabled).
Page 30
Unused GCHs
T_GCH_Inactivity_Last timer
When the last TBF in the cell is released, and the TRX supporting that TBF
is the last established PS-capable TRX of the cell , the values of
Target_Nb_GCH and of Min_Nb_GCH of the TRX are updated as usual
(they become both equal to 0, except if the TRX is supporting some one-UL-
blocks or MPDCHs). Then, the T_GCH_Inactivity timer is launched
according to the traffic type of the last TBF.
When the T_GCH_Inactivity timer expires, provided there is still no TBF
traffic in the cell, Max(0, Established_Nb_GCH
N_GCH_FAST_PS_ACCESS) GCHs shall be released (instead of
Established_Nb_GCH Target_Nb_GCH GCHs for a classical
T_GCH_Inactivity timer expiry). The GCHs to release are determined with
the same priority rules as the ones defined for a classical T_GCH_Inactivity
timer expiry apply
The T_GCH_Inactivity_Last timer shall then be launched if the new value
of Established_Nb_GCH is still strictly greater than Target_Nb_GCH (and,
as in B8, the value of the timer to launch shall be set to
T_GCH_Inactivity_Last - T_GCH_Inactivity). If not, the
T_GCH_Inactivity_Last timer shall not be launched (because the established
GCHs are useful for some MPDCH(s))
on a given TRX, the timers T_GCH_Inactivity_Last and T_GCH_Inactivity are never
running at the same time
Page 31
Unused GCHs
T_One_Block timer
Unlike T_GCH_Inactivity, the T_One_Block timer is related to a RTS.
The T_One_Block timer is activated as soon as a one-UL-block is
allocated on the RTS, whether the RTS supports some TBFs or not,
and whether the T_GCH_Inactivity timer is running or not on the
TRX.
The T_One_Block timer shall be restarted each time a new one-UL-
block is allocated on the RTS.
Notes:
The T_One_Block timer remains running even if some TBFs are
established on the RTS,
At least one GCH will remain established while the T_One_Block timer is
running on at least one RTS of the TRX thanks to the definitions of
Target_Nb_GCH and of Min_Nb_GCH,
Contrary to B8, the T_One_Block and T_GCH_Inactivity timers are not
exclusive of each other (i.e. the two timers can be running at the same
time)
Page 32
M-EGCH link release or capacity decrease
Conditions to release an M-EGCH link or decrease its
capacity
In the nominal case, an established M-EGCH link has to be released,
or its number of GCHs decreased, each time the T_GCH_Inactivity
or T_GCH_Inactivity_Last timer of the M-EGCH link expires,
following a reduction of the PS traffic (TBF or one-UL-block traffic) on
the TRX.
The M-EGCH link release or capacity decrease is subsequent to the
decrease of the Target_Nb_GCH value of the TRX.
An M-EGCH link release or capacity decrease can also be due to inter-cell
GCH preemptions or intra-cell GCH preemptions
An M-EGCH link release or capacity decrease can also be due to the filling
of the GPU Ater TS margin or of the DSP GCH margin
At last, some abnormal GCH releases can also occur (cf. next slides)
Some GCH may be released due to CS pre-emption
Page 33
Goals of the periodical GCH establishment process
periodically attempt to increase the M-EGCH link size of TRXs which
have not yet reached their Target_Nb_GCH (i.e. the TRXs for which
Current_Nb_GCH < Target_Nb_GCH) in the cell. It allows
the usage of the recently freed Abis/Ater transmission resources in the
BTS/GPU due to GCH releases (no free couple of Abis and Ater nibble will
remain unused for more than T_CANDIDATE_TBF_REALLOC seconds if
there currently exists some GCH needs in the GPU),
the usage of the free basic Abis nibbles mapped to RTSs out of the non
preemptable PS zone of the cell. Indeed, those basic Abis nibbles may be
temporarily unused due to the Abis nibble selection priorities which defavor
them
Page 34
Goals of the periodical GCH establishment process
It allows (contd)
to guarantee that, following some abnormal GCH releases, new GCHs will
be established in the impacted M-EGCH links (either with free Abis and
Ater resources, or with inter-cell or intra-cell GCH preemptions).
to guarantee a balance between the M-EGCH link sizes of the TRXs of a
given cell after some TBFs (established on those TRXs) have been
released. Some intra-cell GCH preemptions are indeed allowed to be
triggered by the periodical GCH establishment process.
to guarantee that some GCHs are inter-cell preempted towards (the M-
EGCH links of) the cell, if it is allowed according to the fairness constraints
defined between the cells of the BTS. This can be useful for example
following the release of an RT PFC in another cell of the same BTS.
to guarantee that some GCHs are always established for the Fast Initial
PS Access feature
Page 35
Conditions to launch the periodical GCH establishment
process

Transmission Resource
Availability (2)
TRX selection (3)
Available_Nb_GCH
Cell Transmission
Equity (4)

Transmission resource
reservation (5)

GCH ESTABLISHMENT PROCESS (6)

"target" TRX
T_CANDIDATE_TBF_REALLOC timer expiry

Available_Nb_GCH_With_Equity
Were some T3 or T4 TBF reallocation requests successfully played? (1)

No
Yes
End of the process
(nothing is done) (7)
Page 36
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Alcatel BSS B9 release

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