What??

Waste is defined as discarded material which has no value in normal use or for ordinary use. Solid wastes are those undesirable, useless and unwanted materials and substances that comes from human and animal activities. The hazardous wastes disposed in open land creates air pollution as well as ground water contamination.

Why??
ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION and its preservation is today the major concern all over the world. An environmental damage within the boundaries of one state has trans-border ramifications. Its also Affecting the day to day life of humans to an great extent.

How??
Recycling the waste material, and using it again to make valuable goods. Disposing off the hazardous and polluting waste properly By implementing new technologies to minimize the output of waste material. Government to act upon such issues and make effective rules and regulation on waste management.

Municipal Waste Management

Municipal solid waste (MSW), also called urban solid waste, is a waste type that includes household waste (domestic waste) with sometimes the addition of commercial wastes collected by a municipality within a given area. They are in either solid or semisolid form and generally exclude industrial hazardous wastes. The term residual waste relates to waste left from household sources containing materials that have not been separated out or sent for reprocessing

Steps Involved in MSW

STEP 1. Mobilizing the Planning Process STEP 2. Define Baseline STEP 3. Establishing The Strategic Planning Framework STEP 4. Identifying and Evaluating Options STEP 5. Developing the Strategy

STEP 6. Preparing the Action Plan

STEP 7. Implementing the Strategic Plan

BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT

DEFINITION:
BIO MEDICAL means any solid ,liquid waste including its container and any intermediate product , which is generated during the diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human begins or animals or in research pertaining thereto or in the production or testing thereof.

NECESSITY:
Biomedical waste must be properly managed to protect the general public ,specifically healthcare and sanitation workers who are regularlyr exposed to biomedical waste as an occupational hazard.

COMPONENTS OF BIOMEDICAL WASTE

1.Human anatomical waste (tissues ,organs, bodyparts). 2.Animal waste (as above, generated during research or experimentation, from veterinary hospital etc 3.Microbiology and biotechnology waste, such as,laboratory cultures,microorganisms, human and animal cell cultures ,toxins etc 4..Waste sharps, such as , syringes ,scalpels,,broken glass 5.Discarded medicines 6.Soiled waste, such as dressing, bandages, plaster casts ,material contaminated with blood etc

7.Solid waste (disposable items like tubes etc) 8.Liquid waste generated from any of the infected areas 9.IncinerationI ash 10.Chemical waste

STEPS IN WASTE MANAGEMENT

Waste survey
determines the point of generation, the type of waste at each point and level of generation.

Waste segregation
consists of placing different types of wastes different containers at the point of generation. Waste accumulation and storage Occurs between the point of waste generation and site of waste treatment and disposal.

Waste transportation
when medical waste is not treated on site, untreated waste must be transported from the generation facilityto another site for treatment and disposal

Waste treatment
: is mainly required to disinfect or decontaminate the waste, right at the source so that it is no longer the source of pathogenic organisms.

Waste disposal
: vary in their capabilities,cost, availability to generation and impact on the environment.

BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT PROCESS

Handling, segregation, mutilation, disinfection,storage, transportation and final disp osal are vital steps for safe and scientific management of biomedical waste in any establishment. The key to minimization and effective management of bio-medical waste is SEGREGATION (separation) AND IDENTIFICATION OF WASTE by sorting them into COLOUR CODED plastic bags or containers.

OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS AND SAFETY MEASURES

Occupational hazard
1. Contact with infected material like pathological path waste, used gloves etc.
2. Contact with stool, urine, blood, pus etc,of the patients during cleaning job . 3. Accidental cut or punctures from infected sharps such as scalpels, knives etc

Safety measures
Clear directives in the form of a notice to be displayed in all the concerned areas. Sterilization of all equipments and their issue accordingly.

Provision of disinfectant, soap etc., of the right quality and clean towel tissue paper.

CONCLUSIONS
Safe and effective management of waste is not only a legal necessity but also a social responsibility. Lack of concern, motivation, awareness and costs are some of the problems faced in the proper biomedical waste management. Clearly there is a need for education as to the hazards associated with the improper waste disposal. A LESSER amount of biomedical waste means a lesser burden on waste disposal work, cost saving and a more efficent disposal system. Hence, health care providers should always try to reduced the waste generation in day to day work in the clinic or at the hospital.

Lets Make Earth A Better Place to Live