Shearography

Shearography
- NDT Capabilities
2003 Date
NDT expert - The ultimate control Xxxxxx Titre xxxx NDT expert
The basic principles of the measurement method are interferometry and correlation techniques
Interferometry is determination of fractional relative phase difference between light waves traversing different paths. Phenomena which can be measured are those which influence the phase of the light beams. In practice this is e. g. surface deformation
2003 Date
The basic principles of the measurement method are interferometry and correlation techniques
Digital Image Correlation is a data analysis method, which uses a proprietary mathematical correlation method to analyse digital image data taken while samples are subjected to mechanical stresses. Consecutive image captures taken during the testing phase will show a change in surface characteristics as the specimen is effected by the mechanical stresses imposed upon it.
2003 Date
Non-destructive testing is the common use of shearography. The defects become visible on measuring their inhomogeneous deformation gradients. Depending on the spatial distribution of deformation the defect or the structure itself can be characterised. The rotor measurements show a dis-bond (left), a crack (right) and a structural transition (centre). Compare fringe density and distribution.
2003 Date
Dynamic excitation is a special technique of isi-sys for non destructive testing. During the sweep the vibration modes are visible in real-time. The example (left) shows selected images of C-Si-C composite (sweep 120kHz) with an in service dis-bond in the middle. Further data processing enables determination the mechanical properties of the defect area.
2003 Date
Impact defect detection in carbon fibre composites (CFRP) by dynamic excitation

The examples shows carbon fibre panel with impacts prepared by Airbus, Bremen. Similar carbon composites are used for the new Airbus A380.
2003 Date
Impact defect detection in carbon fibre composites (CFRP) by dynamic excitation

The defects are prepared by impacts of different energies. The defects become visible by dynamic excitation at their natural frequencies as show below.
Defect visible at 17.873Hz
Evaluated vibration mode
2003 Date
Example of NDT by dynamic excitation applied on GLARE

The examples shows a glare panel (size 500x500, see below) with de-bondings (60mm) prepared by Airbus Bremen. Glare is a combination of Aluminium plates with composite layers used for the new Airbus A380F. The defects (dis-bonds or delaminations) are prepared in different depth between the aluminum plates. The defects become visible by dynamic excitation at their natural frequencies as show below by the supperposed measurement results.
2003 Date
Shearography principle recall

Stimulating load
Shearographic head
(Laser + optical system)
Loading:
Laser beam
Thermal
Vacuum pressure
Defect
Vibration Mechanical
Object
Image processing
Birefringent element Polarizer
CCD
Image processing
Illuminated object
2003 Date
Lens
Shearography principle recall

Comparaison : TV-Holographie and Shearographie
Absolute measurement TV-holography
--_____
Initial position After-stress position Measured value Shear length
Differential measurement Shearography
- - - Position initial
x
_____
Position aprs-dformation
Mesure de gradient Shearographie

25.38 22.29
Valeur mesure
1.195 0.946
25.1
19.20
1.55
21.7
16.11
18.3
13.01
91.9 73.7
x Shear
0.696
1.19
0.446
0.82
0.197
138.6 108.2 78.8 48.9 19.5
14.9
9.92
0.45
-0.053
11.5
6.83
55.9
-0.303
0.09 -0.28
-0.552
8.1
3.74
37.7 20.2
4.7
0.64
-0.65
-0.802
1.3
-2.45
-1.01
-1.052
-2.1
-5.54 X= 9.8 Y=59.6 32.9 59.6 55.6 60.2 78.8 60.2 101.9 61.0 124.6 61.6 147.7 61.6 170.8 62.2 193.6 62.2 216.7 63.1 239.4 63.6
-1.38
-1.301 X=11.0 Y=59.6 32.9 59.6 55.6 59.6 78.8 59.6 101.9 59.6 124.6 60.2 147.7 60.2 170.8 60.2 193.6 60.2 216.7 60.2 239.4 61.0
-5.5 3.1 Deslocamento [m] PV= 30.614 13-02-2001 19:37:20 27.0 52.1 76.0 100.7 124.6 149.7 173.6 198.3 222.2 247.3
-1.75 6.9 Deformation [m/shear] PV= 3.301 11-12-2000 10:56:13 31.5 57.3 82.3 107.8 132.8 158.6 183.2 209.1 233.7 259.5
Deslocamento [m] PV= 30.925 13-02-2001 19:49:40
Deformao [m/shear] PV= 2.497 13-02-2001 19:37:20
LOME/INEGI
Typical TV-holography result

LOME/INEGI
LOME/INEGI
Typical shearographic result

NDT Expert 3-grad.TFD
2003 Date
10
Shearography
FOLLOW UP
- Capabilities
Monitoring on Optical disc useful on serialised parts
REPORTING
SIZING
LOCALIZATION
2003 Date
11
Shearography
- Capabilities
Example of images obtained with thermal Loading
2003 Date
12
Shearography
- Capabilities
DAMAGE TYPE DETECTED Honey comb junctions dislocation
X-ray result
Shearographic Images with two perpendicular shear directions
2003 Date
13
Shearography
- Capabilities
DAMAGE TYPE DETECTED Metal/metal edges unbounding

Top view
unbounding
Profile view
2003 Date
14
Shearography
ON
- Capabilities
CONCORDE
Positioning and sizing tool
2003 Date
15
Shearography
- Capabilities
DAMAGE TYPE DETECTED Adhesive craking under impact
2003 Date
16
Shearography
- Capabilities
Example of vacuum loading
2003 Date
17
Shearography
- Capabilities
Liquid ingress
DAMAGE TYPE DETECTED Water or liquid ingress
unbound
2003 Date
18
Shearography
- Capabilities
Comparative tests
Shearographic system
US-Laser System
Thermographic system
2003 Date
19
Shearography
- Capabilities
Results of Comparative tests
Shearography immediate(t)
Thermography Lock-In US-Laser (Amplitude)
Shearography after 15 sc. (t) US-Laser (time base) NDT expert - The ultimate control Xxxxxx Titre xxxx NDT expert
2003 Date
20
Shearography
- Capabilities
Impacted Monolithc (CFRP)
Displacement field
US C-Scan
Corrosion Detection Aluminium Alloys
Displacement field
CF C-Scan
2003 Date
21
Shearography
- Capabilities
Pressurized material control

Ageing control
MIRA pressure vessel Filamentary wounded (AlGFRP)
Old
New
Delamination detection
Procedure Control Diagram of the part to be inspected
2003 Date
22
Shearography
- Capabilities
Conclusions
Benefits:
Contact less Global method, Good sensitivity,
Real time inspection,

Quicker than most of the NDI methods, Working on all type of materials and structures, Numerical acquisition give rise to efficient follow up,
New type of damage are now detectable without opening the structure
The keys of the efficiency are in the selection of the loading and the implementation
2003 Date
23

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Impact defect detection in carbon fibre composites (CFRP) by dynamic excitation

Impact defect detection in carbon fibre composites (CFRP) by dynamic excitation

Defect visible at 17.873Hz

Evaluated vibration mode

Example of NDT by dynamic excitation applied on GLARE

Shearography principle recall

Birefringent element Polarizer

Shearography principle recall

Absolute measurement TV-holography

Initial position After-stress position Measured value Shear length

Differential measurement Shearography

Mesure de gradient Shearographie

138.6 108.2 78.8 48.9 19.5

Deslocamento [m] PV= 30.925 13-02-2001 19:49:40

Deformao [m/shear] PV= 2.497 13-02-2001 19:37:20

Typical TV-holography result

Typical shearographic result

Example of images obtained with thermal Loading

DAMAGE TYPE DETECTED Honey comb junctions dislocation

Shearographic Images with two perpendicular shear directions

DAMAGE TYPE DETECTED Metal/metal edges unbounding

Positioning and sizing tool

DAMAGE TYPE DETECTED Adhesive craking under impact

Example of vacuum loading

DAMAGE TYPE DETECTED Water or liquid ingress

Results of Comparative tests

Thermography Lock-In US-Laser (Amplitude)

Impacted Monolithc (CFRP)

Corrosion Detection Aluminium Alloys

Pressurized material control

MIRA pressure vessel Filamentary wounded (AlGFRP)

Procedure Control Diagram of the part to be inspected

Real time inspection,

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