HANDOVER

Handover
Process of changing the channel, frequency, time slot or combination of them associated with the current connection while a call is in progress. It basically a call connection that moves from one cell to another The decision for a handover is made by the Base Station Centre (BSC), which is to evaluate the permanent measurements taken by the Base Station and the UE. Any failure within the UMTS Handover procedure will lead to drop call Purpose: to reduce drop call to reduce congestion rate

Handover in WCDMA

Soft HO Intra frequency Intra system Handover Handover in WCDMA Inter system Handover Inter frequency Hard HO Softer HO Hard HO

Types of Handover Soft Handover Softer Handover Hard Handover

Parameter in SHO Handover

report range (RNC level) Time to trigger (RNC level) Intra frequency measurement filter coefficient (RNC level) Hysteresis (RNC level) Cell individual offset (Cell level)

CIO: Provide the network the efficient tools to change the reporting of an individual primary CPICH. A change of the CIO value has the following influence on the network performance: Effects of a higher CIO: Easy for SHO to occur More UE will be in SHO state Effects of a lower CIO: Difficult for SHO to occur Will effect the receiver quality

Example:DT near BINT (before optimization)

Reason: Drop call due to the poor EcNo Solution: Because this is intra frequency, one of the way to increase/faster the SHO is to adjust the CIO of BINTWM_4 (PSC 248) towards BINTWM_5 (PSC 256) from 0 to 3 for both frequency.
1

Example:DT near BINT (after optimization)

Conclusion: No drop call and the Ecno at the circled area has improved.
1

Comparison of EcNo
Before Optimization After Optimization

REMARK: CIO of BINTWM_4 (PSC 248) towards BINTWM_5 (PSC 256) has been changed from 0 to 3. Conclusion, no drop call and the EcNo at the circled area has improved.

Process of Handover

Measurement to measure the important information needed for decision stage. Decision The measurement results in comparison with the threshold that has been set before. Then it will be decided whether to do handover or not. Execution The handover is complete and the relative parameters are altered by the type of handover

Effect of No SHO
Without SHO, a communicating base station would have to transmit at a higher power level to reach the UE, which would probably increase the overall system interference level. Additionally, if a UE is in SHO, the connection is not lost altogether if one branch gets shadowed.

RSCP footprint of PSC 248

RSCP footprint of PSC 256

PSC footprint

Handover Procedure
Strength of the A becomes equal to defined lower threshold. The neighbouring signal has adequate strength. B is added to active set.

Quality of signal B starts to become better than signal A. The RNC keeps that point as starting point for handover margin calculation. The strength of signal B becomes equal or better than the defined lower threshold. Thus its strength is adequate to satisfy the required QoS of the connection.

The strength of the summed signal exceeds the predefined upper threshold, causing additional interference to the system. As a result, RNC deletes signal A from the Active Set

1) Current U Mobile network setting, based on RSCP or EcN0? How to improve better SHO? What are the parameters? Umobile network setting is based on the EcNo.To improve the SHO, the parameter need to be optimized. For cell level, only the CIO can be optimized. 2)Since this is related to handover, then it is related to neighbor also. Share more on how we define the U Mobile DC neighbor for same site (inter and intra freq) and inter-site. Intra site: F1-F1 (BINTWM_1- BINTWM_2) F1-F2 (BINTWM_1- BINTWM_4) Inter site: F1-F1(BINTWM_3 - ASLIWM_3) F2-F2(BINTWM _4-KLPZWM_5)

Event 1A

If the different between source and neighbor is less or equal to 3db,then the neighbor will be added to the active set.
1

Event 1B

If the different between best cell and 2nd or 3rd best cell in active set is greater than or equal to 6dB, then the 2nd or 3rd best cell will be removed from the active set.
1

Event 1C

If the monitored set is stronger than the worst cell in the active set by 2dB, it will be add to the in the active set
1

Event 1D

If the a cell in active set or monitored set is stronger than the Best Cell in the Active Set by 2dB, it will be the best cell 1