Managing Intersystem Interference For Dissimilar Modulations - W09-Olson

TSB-88
Managing Intersystem Interference

for Dissimilar Modulations
Overview
ACRR & ACPR
How to estimate Source of Interference to
Victim Receivers characteristics
Example Application
ACPR Vs. ACRR & ACIPR

Receiver
Specification
Transmitter
Specification
ACRR
ACPR
Reference is a signal
generator with
reference modulation
Reference is
Transmitters
Power
output
ACRR (dB)
Adjacent Channel Rejection Ratio
ACPR (dB)
Adjacent Channel Power Ratio
Cs/N for Reference

Sensitivity
Transmitter Noise Power

intercepted by the victim
receiver, relative to P0
Receiver Noise Floor
Transmitter, ACPR = ACRR + Cs/N
Receiver, ACRR = ACPR - Cs/N

ACIPR = ACRR due to similar methods of measurement
Receiver, ACIPR = ACPR - Cs/N
Bandwidth Effect, Wider Bandwidths produce lower ratios

Wider Bandwidths intercept more unwanted energy
Page 2
Managing Intersystem Intf
May 17, 2006
Transmitter Requirements, ACP
FCC 47 C.F.R. 90.543 (12.5 kHz channels) 700 MHz

-40 dB ACP, 9.375 kHz offset, 6.25 kHz bandwidth
-60 dB ACP, 15.625 kHz offset, 6.25 kHz bandwidth
No FCC Requirement for a 12.5 kHz offset
12.5 kHz specified in other reference documents
TIA-102.CAAB-B, 3.2.8 Unwanted Emissions: NonSpurious Adjacent Channel Power Ratio

Same as C.F.R. 47 90.543 at 700 MHz (ACPR)
Other bands, 67 dB ACPR, 6 kHz BW, 100 Hz RBW
NCC Planning Guidelines (Now PSWAC)

Guidelines for 764-776/794-806 Regional Planning
Committees
40 & 65 dB ACPR, Appendix K V2_0.doc
65 dB ACPR for 12.5 kHz offsets
Page 3
May 17, 2006
TIA 603-C Analog ACPR Requirements
3.2.14
Requirements vary with Frequency Band

Higher requirements in bands less than 512 MHz
Measurement bandwidths vary with Offset Frequency
Narrower with decreased Offsets
Page 4
May 17, 2006
Receiver Specifications
TIA-102.CAAB-B
3.1.7 Adjacent Channel Rejection, ACRR (12.5 kHz)
ACRR is equivalent to ACIPR due to method of measurement

Mobile A/B, 60/60 dB ACRR, Portable A/B, 60/50 dB ACRR
Requires Cs/N be added to determine ACPR
ACPR = ACRR + Cs/N, = 60/50 + Cs/N
Cs/N = 7.6 dB for C4FM (P-25 Phase 1 modulation)
Maximum degradation, 9 dB per kHz of offset frequency C4FM

Phase 2 modulations not yet finalized
NCC (now PSWAC) Guidelines

Derived from TIA
Assumes 60 dB ACRR, simplified by using 65 dB ACPR

Companion Receiver, considers actual receiver ENBW
FCC
No specific requirements
Little potential for setting requirements
Page 5
May 17, 2006
References: 603-C, 102.CAAA/B, TSB-88-B
Analog Radios
Companion Rcvr
Page 6
Digital P-25 Radios

102.CAAA
102.CAAB
Companion Rcvr
Required ACPR
offsets & BW
Recommended methods
for all combinations of
analog and digital radios
Various Rcvrs, BW and
offsets
Propagation and CATP
May 17, 2006
Area of Influence
Applicable
Reference
Interfering
Signal
Desired Signal
NA
NPSPAC A
WA
P-25 D
NA
TIA-603
TSB-88
TSB-88
TSB-88
NPSPAC
A
TSB-88
TIA-603
TSB-88
TSB-88
WA
TSB-88
TSB-88
TIA-603
TSB-88
P-25 D
TSB-88
TSB-88
TSB-88
TIA-102
TIA-603/102 - Normative methods & requirements

TSB-88 - Recommended methods only
Page 7
May 17, 2006
ACRR specifications
Digital
12.5 kHz
Requires less than 6 kHz Receiver ENBW to achieve for Class A
Analog
NPSPAC Analog (Special Case) 25 kHz channel, 12.5 kHz spacing

20 dB Offset Channel Selectivity (@ 12.5 kHz)
IF ENBW to meet Analog 25 kHz A = 16 kHz (B-4-3)
Page 8
May 17, 2006
Standard Interfering signal

Analog FM
Modulate interfering carrier with equal 650 and
2,200 Hz tones each at 50% of the maximum
peak deviation values
Monitor audio output and measure audio signal to
noise (SINAD), 12 dBS is reference sensitivity
Project 25
Use standard Interference Pattern
Produces a silent output with equal signal deviations
Monitor radios bit error rate, 5% is reference

sensitivity
Page 9
May 17, 2006
ACRR - Comparison of Older Analog 400 Hz

and Newer dual tone test modulation
400 Hz old
RS204-D
Wider sideband
noise than 400 Hz
method produces
Full voice
deviation
650, 2200 Hz
new TIA603
Dual tone method more representative of actual

spectral power distribution. The change in
methodology dramatically changes the measured
ACRR due to the widen sideband energy. Confirm
that the current TIA methods are being used.
Page 10
May 17, 2006
ACRR
Increase Interfering
Carrier w/ Interference
modulation until
Reference Sensitivity is
regained
ACRR
ACPR
Reference
Sensitivity
+3 dB
Reference
Sensitivity
Differences between
signal generator
waveforms vs. actual
transmitters SPD. Very
important when dealing
with linear modulations.
3 dB
Cs/N
Cs/N
Cs/N
3 dB
Page 11
May 17, 2006
Comparison of SPDs of 3 SPD

Analog
and C4FM Modulations
Comparison
-10
-20
5 kHz A
4 kHz A
2.5 kHz A
C4FM
-30
Attenuation (dB)
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
-100
-110
-20
-15
-10
-5
10
15
20
Offset Frequency (kHz)
Page 12
May 17, 2006
Receiver Modeling
Need to know the bandwidth of the
victim receiver (ENBW)

Need to know the shape of the filtering
3 basis filter models
Square (perfect) filter
Butterworth (#poles-#cascaded sections
3 different versions based on manufacture
recommendation
Root Raised Cosine (RRC)
Page 13
May 17, 2006
Filter Comparison (20 kHz ENBW)

Filter Comparisons, ENBW = 20 kHz
0
-3
Which is the correct

one for any specific
radio?
-6
-9
But 10-4 Filter

RRC Filter
But 4-3 Filter
Manufacturer
specified for
proprietary, generic
for non proprietary.
-12
Magnitude (dB)
Square
-15
-18
-21
Worst Case
& Older
Analog
Radios
This slide shows

the difference in
roll-off at 20 kHz
(arbitrary value)
-24
-27
-30
Newer
Digital/
Analog
radios
Perfect
filter
-33
-36
-39
4
10
12
14
16
Frequency (kHz)
Page 14
May 17, 2006
18
Filter Designators
Details are listed in Table [88B] and in Annex A for each type of
modulation
Similar to FCC Emission Designator style
ENBW
4 Characters with a magnitude symbol at the correct place

e.g. for C4FM at 5.5 kHz, 5K50
Model
4 fill symbols, ||||
Channel Bandwidth
S for "Square"
Butterworth
B for "Butterworth" XX poles, YY cascades
Raised Root Cosine
R for " RRC"
a. 0.XX in 0.05 steps and 2 fill symbols, ||
Examples:
5K50R02|| = RRC filter 5.50 kHz wide with a = 0.2
16K0B0403 = Butterworth filter 16.0 kHz wide, 4 poles, 3 cascades
Page 15
May 17, 2006
Modulation Type
Receiver Filter
Table
Footnotes are critical to
select the correct filter.
Details also in Annex A text
Analog FM (25 kHz) 5 kHz

Analog FM (25 kHz) 4 kHz (NPSPAC)
IF Filter Simulation
2,3
16.0/12.6
Butterworth 4 - 3
12.6/11.1
Butterworth 4 - 3
7.8
Butterworth 4 - 3
C4FM / Analog FM (12.5 kHz) 2.5 kHz
5.5
RRC, a=0.2
CQPSK
5.5
RRC, a=0.2
CVSD (25 kHz) 4 kHz
12.6
Butterworth 4 - 3
CVSD (25 kHz) 3 kHz NPSPAC
10.1
Butterworth 4 - 3
Analog FM (12.5 kHz) 2.5 kHz
DIMRS-iDEN
EDACS (IMBE) (25 kHz)
EDACS (IMBE) (25 kHz NPSPAC)
EDACS (IMBE) (12.5 kHz)
Analog not as stringent as

digital
Page 16
ENBW (kHz)
Distinction between 5 kHz

and 4 kHz deviation
impacts IF model due to OCR
requirement
Butterworth filter primarily

for older analog receivers and
worst case evaluations
F4FM TDMA-2
RRC, a=0.2
18.0
6
8.0 / 6.9
Butterworth 5 - 4/ 4 - 3
7.5 / 6.2
6.7 / 5.4
9.6
Butterworth, 10 - 4
OPENSKY F4GFSK (AMBE)
12.4
Butterworth, 10 - 4
TETRA
18.0
RRC, a=0.2
Tetrapol
7.2
Butterworth, 10 - 4
Annex A contains additional information on the various modulation types.

Butterworth filters. The first number indicates the number of poles, the second number,
indicates the number of cascaded sections. The 4p-3c configurations are limited to older
analog type radios.
3
See Table 8 and Table 9 for additional information.
4
Wideband analog radios can achieve 70 dB ACRR @ 25 kHz spacing with the 16 kHz
ENBW IF in the 150, 450 and 800 MHz bands. The narrower ENBW is appropriate for 800
MHz band radios that also operate in the NPSPAC portion of the 800 MHz band where an
Offset Channel Selectivity of 20 dB [603] is produced by 4 kHz deviation interferers. The
11.1 ENBW is appropriate for radios providing 20 dB from 5 kHz interferers offset by 12.5
kHz or with other modulations that use narrower ENBW to achieve the 20 dB OCR.
5
Narrow analog receivers can achieve 45 dB ACRR (Class A [603]) with an ENBW of 7.8
kHz. To achieve an ACRR 60 dB as might be applicable where narrow analog and C4FM
are intermixed on adjacent channels, the IF similar to the C4FM digital radios is more
appropriate.
6
The EDACS uses the wider ENBW for specifications, and the narrower ENBW for ACPR
determination using the 4p-3c model.
May 17, 2006
Footnote Comments
Narrow analog (12.5 kHz) easily meets 45 dB ACRR
requirement with a 7K80B0403 filter (7.8 kHz)

Can get by with lesser number of cascaded stages
Allowance for frequency drift
Can achieve 60 dB ACRR with a narrower filter
Increases the required Cs/N which is offset by the lower

thermal noise due to reduced bandwidth
Decreases maximum achievable SINAD
P-25 Digital requires a narrower filter to meet 60 dB
requirement.
Radios that support both narrow analog and P-25
digital probably use a single narrower filter due to
P-25 requirements
Page 17
May 17, 2006
Footnote Comments (2)

Older 5 kHz analog receivers typically use
16K0B0403 but may be narrower if radio also

uses NPSPAC channels other than the five I/O
channels
NPSPAC requires 12K6B0403 to achieve 20 dB
OCR
Reduced deviation for NPSPAC channels
4 kHz instead of 5 kHz
Page 18
May 17, 2006
Footnote Comments (3)

Multi-Mode radios probably use a single, compromise,
ENBW for both the wide and narrow.

Compromise ENBW = 9.4 kHz B-4-3
Overly Narrow ENBW for Wide
25 kHz ACRR = 78 dB vs. 75 dB req mobile

30 kHz ACRR = 79 dB vs. 75 dB req mobile
Impacts high signal SINAD performance
Overly Wide for Narrow (Just makes requirement)

12.5 kHz ACRR = 45 dB vs. 45 dB req. mobile
15.0 kHz ACRR = 65 dB vs. 65 dB req. mobile
Page 19
May 17, 2006
Modulation Type,
(channel spacing)
Table A-1
TSB-88B
Static C/N @
reference sensitivity
Faded C/N for 3
different channel
performance
(DAQs)
Static .
ref /
Analog FM 5kHz (25 kHz)

5
Analog FM 4kHz (25 kHz)
Analog FM 2.5kHz (12.5 kHz)
6
C4FM (IMBE) (12.5 kHz)
7
C4FM (IMBE) (12.5 kHz)
6
CQPSK (IMBE) (12.5 kHz)
7
CVSD XL CAE (25 kHz)
8
CVSD XL CAE (NPSPAC)
6
C4FM (VSELP)* (12.5 kHz)
7
C4FM (VSELP)* (12.5 kHz)
DIMRS - iDEN (25 kHz)
EDACS Wideband Digital

(25 kHz)
EDACS NPSPAC Digital
EDACS Narrowband Digital

F4FM (IMBE) TDMA-2 (12.5
kHz)
Future changes
due to new
vocoders
Definition of DAQs
Page 20
F4GFSK (AMBE) OpenSky

TETRA (25 kHz)
Tetrapol
Cs
N
DAQ-3.0 .
BER% /
Cf
I N
DAQ-3.4 .
BER% /
DAQ-4.0 .
Cf
BER% /
I N
Cf
I N
12 dBS/4dB
12 dBS/5dB
12 dBS/7dB
5%/5.4 dB
5%/7.6 dB
5%/5.4 dB
5%/7.6 dB
5%/7.6 dB
8.5%/4.0 dB
8.5%/4.0 dB
5%/5.4 dB
5%/7.6 dB
5%/12.5 dB
N/A/17 dB
N/A/19 dB
N/A/23 dB
2.6%/15.2 dB
2.6%/16.5 dB
2.6%/15.2 dB
2.6%/16.5 dB
2.6%/16.5 dB
5.0%/12.0 dB
5.0%/14.0 dB
1.8%/17.4 dB
1.8%/17.4 dB
2.0%/22.0 dB
N/A/20 dB
N/A/22 dB
N/A/26 dB
2.0%/16.2 dB
2.0%/17.7 dB
2.0%/16.2 dB
2.0%/17.7 dB
2.0%/17.7 dB
3.0%/16.5 dB
3.0%/18.5 dB
1.4%/19.0 dB
1.4%/19.0 dB
1.5%/23.0 dB
N/A/27 dB
N/A/29 dB
N/A/33 dB
1.0%/20.0 dB
1.0%/21.2 dB
1.0%/20.0 dB
1.0%/21.2 dB
1.0%/21.2 dB
1.0%/20.5 dB
1.0%/22.5 dB
0.85%/21.6 dB
0.85%/21.6 dB
1%/25.0 dB
5%/5.3 dB
2.6%/14.7 dB
2.0%/15.7 dB
1.0%/19.2 dB
5%/6.3 dB
5%/7.3 dB
2.6%/15.7 dB
2.6%/16.7dB
2.0%/16.7 dB
2.0%/17.7 dB
1.0%/20.2 dB
1.0%/21.2 dB
5%/6.2 dB
2.6%/15.6 dB
2.0%/16.9 dB
1.0%/20.0dB
5%/9.0 dB
5%/8 dB
5%/4.0 dB
3.5%/15.3 dB
4%/12.0 dB
1.8%/14.0 dB
2.5%/16.4 dB
2%/16.0 dB
1.4%/15.0 dB
1.3%/20.1 dB
1%/18.0 dB
0.85%/19.0 dB
Static is the reference sensitivity of a wireless detection sub-system (receiver) and is comparable to 12 dB
SINAD in an analog system
2
DAQ-2.0 (not shown) is comparable to 12 dB SINAD equivalent intelligibility,
DAQ-3.0 is comparable to 17 dB SINAD equivalent intelligibility
3
DAQ-3.4 is comparable to 20 dB SINAD equivalent intelligibility, used for minimum CPC for some public
safety entities.
4
DAQ-4.0 is comparable to 25 dB SINAD equivalent intelligibility
5
This is a NPSPAC configuration, 25 kHz channel bandwidths, but 12.5 kHz channel spacing. 20 dB
ACIPR receivers assumed
6
A wide IF bandwidth assumed as part of a migration process
7
A narrow IF bandwidth is assumed after migration is completed.
8
Reduced deviation for NPSPAC requirement.
These values were obtained from the manufacturers and should be verified with the manufacturer prior to
usage.
VSELP values represent worst case, low speed.
May 17, 2006
NTIA/Industry Canada Requirements

Non standard offset frequencies
Method of determining ACRR for cross border
situations
Different interference level Criterion
IndCan = 6 dB below receivers thermal noise floor
Consider a different view of ACPR/ACRR
TSB-88 application allows generation of different views

Allows looking at offsets other than fixed values of TSB-88
Compares modulation to a family of the recommended filters
to determine the closest value for worst case compared to TIA
specification
Provides simple method to estimate receiver ENBW
Requires converting the ACPR to ACRR
Can also interpolate the ACPR Tables for the fixed offsets
Page 21
May 17, 2006
Offset Frequency
ACPRACPR
forforvarious
Receiver
ENBW
Offset Frequency
various Receiver
ENBW
FM 5 kHz Peak Deviation
Wide Analog FMWide
Analog
5 kHz
Peak Deviation
90
Victim Rcvr ENBW

16.0 kHz
80
12.6 kHz
11.1 kHz
70
9.6 kHz
7.8 kHz
60
603-C
requirement
75 dB ACRR
50
40
All Victim ENBW based on

Butterworth 4-3 except 5.5 kHz
RRC
To convert ACPR to
ACRR subtract 4 dB C/N
for Wide Analog FM
5 dB for NPSPAC
7 dB C/N for Narrow
Analog FM
30
20
603-C OCR
10
30
,0
00
27
,5
00
25
,0
00
22
,5
00
20
,0
00
17
,5
00
15
,0
00
12
,5
00
10
,0
00
7,
50
0
5,
00
0
2,
50
0
ACPR (dB)
5.5 kHz R
Offset Frequency in Hz
Page 22
May 17, 2006
Offset Frequency ACPR for various Receiver ENBW

Narrow Analog FM
2.5
kHz
Peak
Deviation
Narrow
Analog
FM 2.5
kHz Peak
Deviation
90
80
70
TIA 603-C ACRR

requirement
50
40
All Victim ENBW based on

Butterworth 4-3 except 5.5 kHz
RRC
To convert ACPR to ACRR subtract

4 dB C/N for Wide Analog FM
7 dB C/N for Narrow Analog FM
7.6 dB for P-25 Digitial (C4FM)
30
20
10
30
,0
00
27
,5
00
25
,0
00
22
,5
00
20
,0
00
17
,5
00
15
,0
00
12
,5
00
10
,0
00
7,
50
0
5,
00
0
2,
50
0
0
0
ACPR (dB)
60
Victim Rcvr ENBW

16.0 kHz
12.6 kHz
11.1 kHz
9.6 kHz
7.8 kHz
5.5 kHz R
45 dB ACRR
65 dB ACRR
Offset Frequency (Hz)
Page 23
May 17, 2006

Frequency ACPR for various Receiver ENBW
C4FM P-25Offset
Modulation
C4FM P-25 Modulation
90
To convert ACPR to ACRR
subtract: 7.6 dB C/N for P-25,
4 dB for Wide Analog FM,
7 dB C/N for Narrow Analog FM
80
102.CAAA ACRR
requirement
70
50
Victim Receiver ENBW

16.0 kHz
12.6 kHz
11.1 kHz
9.6 kHz
7.8 kHz
5.5 kHz R
60 dB ACRR
40
30
20
10
All Victim ENBW based on Butterworth

4-3 except 5.5 kHz RRC
00
30
,0
00
27
,5
00
25
,0
00
22
,5
00
20
,0
00
17
,5
00
15
,0
00
12
,5
00
10
,0
0
7,
50
0
5,
00
2,
50
0
0
ACPR (dB)
60
Page 24
May 17, 2006
Securenet ACP with 4-3 TIA Butterworth Filter
DVP SPD
-10
But 2 Filter
Power per bin
-20
ACP Integration
-30
65.7 dB ACPR
11.100 kHz ENBW
-40
Magnitude (dB)
Offset Frequency ACPR for various

Receiver ENBW
Securenet DVP (12 kbps)
25.000 kHz Offset

-50
-60
-70

Securenet DVP (12 kbps)
-80
-90
-100
-110
-40
80
16.0 kHz
12.6 kHz
11.1 kHz
9.6 kHz
7.8 kHz
5.5 kHz R
70
-20
-10
10
20
30
Frequency (kHz)
ACRR >
60 dB
@ 25
kHz
offset
Other capabilities
may require a
narrower IF, such
as DVP, in this
example requires
11.1 kHz for 4 dB
C/N for 20 dB OCR
50
40
30
20
10
Page 25

0
25
,0
0
0
22
,5
0
0
20
,0
0
0
17
,5
0
0
15
,0
0
0
12
,5
0
0
,0
0
10
50
0
7,
00
0
5,
2,
50
0
0
0
ACPR (dB)
60
-30
May 17, 2006
40
Estimating ACRR to ENBW

12.5 kHz
15.0 kHz
25 kHz
Wide Analog ( 5 kHz Peak Deviation) 25 kHz Channel

ACRR (dB)
ENBW
ACRR (dB)
ENBW
<8
16.0 kHz
15>25
12.4-9.4 kHz
<18
16.0 kHz
30>40
12.4-9.4 kHz
75
16.0 kHz
78
12.4-9.4 kHz
12.5 kHz
15.0 kHz
25 kHz
NPSPAC Analog ( 4 kHz Peak Deviation) 25 kHz Channel

ACRR (dB)
ENBW
ACRR (dB)
ENBW
20 dB OCR
12.6 kHz
25
11.1 kHz
N/A
12.6 kHz
75
16.0 kHz
77
12.5 kHz
15.0 kHz
25 kHz
12.5 kHz
15.0 kHz
25 kHz
Narrow Analog ( 2.5 kHz Peak Deviation) 12.5 kHz Channel

ACRR (dB)
ENBW
ACRR (dB)
ENBW
ACRR (dB)
7.8 kHz
45
9.4 kHz
50
60
7.8 kHz
65
9.4 kHz
70
72
ACRR (dB)
60
70
80
ENBW
<6.0 kHz
<6.0 kHz
P-25 Digital (C4FM) 12.5 kHz Channel

ENBW
<6.0 kHz
<6.0 kHz
<6.0 kHz
Red values are TIA requirements, based on TIA methods of

measurement and B 4-3 filter characteristics (conservative)
ENBW values may be lower than the minimums shown
Values of ACRR >75 dB are less useful due to limited dynamic range
of measured data files
Page 26
May 17, 2006
TSB-88-B Spreadsheets on CD
Analog FM 2.5 kHz Peak Deviation (AFM 2.5kHz Dev.xls)

Analog FM 4.0 kHz NPSPAC (AFM 4kHz Dev.xls)
Analog FM 5.0 kHz Peak Deviation (AFM 5kHz Dev.xls)
C4FM Project 25 (C4FM.xls)
DIMRS-iDEN (DIMRS-iDEN.xls)
EDACS Narrow Band (EDACS-NB.xls)
EDACS Narrow Band (EDACS-NPSPAC.xls)
EDACS Narrow Band (EDACS-WB.xls)
F4FM TDMA-2 (F4FM.xls)
Linear Simulcast Modulation (LSM.xls)
OpenSky F4GFSK (F4GFSK.xls)
Securenet, 12 kbits/sec CVSD (Securenet.xls)
TETRA (Tetra.xls)
Tetrapol (Tetrapol.xls)
Astro Widepulse, (Widepulse.xls)
Additional spreadsheets for Wideband data systems are being

developed for TSB-88.1-C.
SAM, IOTA, DataRadio and RD-Lap
Page 27
May 17, 2006
ACPR
Offsets
6
5
4
3
2
1
2
11 combinations
Tables of results
in TSB-88
Evaluate Source
SPD against
Victims receiver
Determine
Victims ENBW
based on its own
modulation
A-1
A-3
A-4
B-1
Case
Block A to Block B
1
2
Narrow to Narrow A(4) - B(1)

Narrow to Medium A(4) - B(1-2) &
Medium to Narrow A(3-4) - B(1)
Medium to Medium A(3-4) - (B(1-2)
Narrow to Medium A(3) - B(1-2) &
Narrow to Wide A(4) - B(1-4)
Medium to Wide A(3-4) - B(1-4) &
Wide to Medium A(1-4) - B(1-2)
Wide to Wide A(1-4) - B(1-4)
3
4
5
6
Page 28
A-2
B-2
B-3
B-4
119.
25
0 kHz Plan
dBOffsets
m6.25 kHz
30 kHz Plan
Offsets
7.5 kHz
9.375 kHz
11.25 kHz
12.5 kHz
15.0 kHz
15.625 kHz
18.75 kHz
18.75 kHz
22.5 kHz
25.0 kHz
30.0 kHz
May 17, 2006
Spreadsheets Contain:
Calculator for ACP for the different filters
Square
Butterworth (P-C)
10-4
5-4 (special case)
4-3
RRC
Charts calculator results for each filter

Graphs the TSB-88 Tables for all offsets
P-25 C4FM example
Page 29
May 17, 2006
Sample C4FM TSB-88 Table

ENBW
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
8.5
9
9.5
10
10.5
11
11.5
12
12.5
13
14
15
16
17
18
ENBW
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
8.5
9
9.5
10
10.5
11
11.5
12
12.5
13
14
15
16
17
18
ENBW
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
8.5
9
9.5
10
10.5
11
11.5
12
12.5
13
14
15
16
17
18
Page 30
6.25 kHz Offset ACCPR

Ch BW
RRC
But-10-4
21.31
21.11
21.17
19.44
19.44
19.48
18.26
17.98
18.07
16.79
16.49
16.67
15.50
14.81
15.08
13.64
13.13
13.30
11.76
11.55
11.68
10.52
10.06
10.25
9.25
8.73
8.84
7.59
7.52
7.61
6.54
6.45
6.52
5.72
5.55
5.55
4.68
4.77
4.75
4.00
4.10
4.09
3.53
3.52
3.50
2.99
3.01
3.00
2.51
2.54
2.55
1.75
1.76
1.75
1.04
1.14
1.10
0.49
0.69
0.63
0.27
0.40
0.34
0.12
0.22
0.18
Ch BW
RRC
But-10-4
46.91
46.30
46.59
44.12
43.80
44.00
42.09
41.22
41.57
39.35
39.01
39.13
37.37
37.04
37.23
35.88
35.19
35.43
33.90
33.20
33.62
32.19
31.07
31.59
30.03
29.05
29.43
27.89
27.03
27.45
26.06
24.97
25.55
24.57
23.03
23.55
22.24
21.25
21.64
20.39
19.61
19.95
18.86
17.94
18.40
17.48
16.23
16.86
16.16
14.59
15.22
12.76
11.48
11.99
9.97
8.82
9.16
6.97
6.71
6.85
5.09
5.08
5.09
3.81
3.87
3.87
Ch BW
RRC
But-10-4
72.95
72.72
72.85
71.31
71.07
71.22
69.80
69.04
69.38
67.77
66.80
67.09
65.00
64.50
64.84
63.20
62.03
62.56
60.87
59.48
60.05
58.30
57.07
57.54
55.87
54.77
55.25
53.85
52.69
53.10
51.58
50.50
51.10
49.85
48.14
49.03
48.20
45.62
46.66
45.66
43.15
44.17
43.12
40.89
41.73
40.98
38.79
39.50
38.07
36.75
37.50
34.86
32.50
33.61
31.45
28.35
29.49
26.88
24.35
25.50
23.50
20.82
21.76
19.44
17.33
18.44
But-4-3
20.61
18.88
17.18
15.45
13.74
12.12
10.63
9.29
8.10
7.05
6.14
5.34
4.64
4.03
3.48
3.00
2.57
1.86
1.32
0.93
0.65
0.45
ENBW
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
8.5
9
9.5
10
10.5
11
11.5
12
12.5
13
14
15
16
17
18
But-4-3
44.92
42.32
39.89
37.61
35.37
33.10
30.82
28.57
26.39
24.30
22.29
20.37
18.54
16.78
15.12
13.57
12.14
9.64
7.61
5.98
4.67
3.68
ENBW
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
8.5
9
9.5
10
10.5
11
11.5
12
12.5
13
14
15
16
17
18
But-4-3
71.88
69.70
67.23
64.58
61.85
59.11
56.40
53.70
50.98
48.24
45.53
42.88
40.29
37.78
35.33
32.96
30.66
26.33
22.39
18.84
15.71
12.99
ENBW
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
8.5
9
9.5
10
10.5
11
11.5
12
12.5
13
14
15
16
17
18

Ch BW
RRC
But-10-4
84.30
84.17
84.21
83.48
83.50
83.50
82.89
82.83
82.85
82.19
82.20
82.22
81.61
81.50
81.56
80.85
80.72
80.77
80.04
79.88
79.96
79.25
79.01
79.10
78.36
77.95
78.19
77.44
76.72
77.00
76.12
75.40
75.67
74.63
73.97
74.31
73.41
72.35
72.87
72.06
70.42
71.23
70.47
68.32
69.28
68.70
66.01
67.10
66.22
63.51
64.81
62.10
58.56
59.93
56.95
54.07
55.27
52.85
49.25
50.93
49.23
44.29
46.22
44.12
39.92
41.52
Ch BW
RRC
But-10-4
87.43
87.39
87.40
87.13
87.05
87.09
86.70
86.61
86.64
86.10
86.13
86.12
85.65
85.69
85.68
85.30
85.28
85.29
84.93
84.87
84.91
84.60
84.46
84.49
84.04
84.06
84.06
83.66
83.65
83.67
83.42
83.25
83.28
82.85
82.85
82.88
82.54
82.45
82.48
82.15
82.03
82.07
81.72
81.58
81.65
81.29
81.09
81.20
80.86
80.54
80.68
79.71
79.17
79.43
78.30
77.25
77.76
76.41
74.75
75.47
73.77
71.25
72.59
71.07
66.80
68.78
Ch BW
RRC
But-10-4
88.64
88.68
88.68
88.33
88.27
88.32
87.94
87.80
87.82
87.24
87.35
87.32
86.92
86.97
86.95
86.64
86.65
86.65
86.37
86.38
86.39
86.17
86.10
86.12
85.86
85.82
85.84
85.56
85.54
85.55
85.24
85.28
85.27
85.00
85.05
85.03
84.79
84.83
84.82
84.67
84.62
84.63
84.47
84.42
84.44
84.28
84.22
84.24
84.06
84.03
84.04
83.62
83.65
83.65
83.32
83.30
83.29
82.93
83.00
82.99
82.70
82.71
82.73
82.55
82.41
82.45
But-4-3
84.08
83.38
82.68
81.94
81.12
80.18
79.06
77.70
76.02
73.97
71.55
68.83
65.90
62.89
59.85
56.84
53.89
48.18
42.82
37.84
33.24
29.01
ENBW
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
8.5
9
9.5
10
10.5
11
11.5
12
12.5
13
14
15
16
17
18
But-4-3
87.34
86.94
86.51
86.06
85.63
85.20
84.78
84.36
83.93
83.50
83.04
82.54
81.93
81.13
80.02
78.45
76.36
70.98
64.97
59.03
53.41
48.14
ENBW
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
8.5
9
9.5
10
10.5
11
11.5
12
12.5
13
14
15
16
17
18
But-4-3
88.67
88.21
87.77
87.36
87.00
86.68
86.37
86.08
85.80
85.54
85.29
85.05
84.83
84.61
84.41
84.20
84.01
83.63
83.24
82.71
81.70
79.57
ENBW
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
8.5
9
9.5
10
10.5
11
11.5
12
12.5
13
14
15
16
17
18

Ch BW
RRC
But-10-4
31.45
30.77
30.99
28.96
28.62
28.73
26.88
26.71
26.82
25.49
24.74
25.05
23.50
22.72
22.99
21.31
20.91
21.04
19.44
19.28
19.40
18.26
17.73
17.95
16.79
16.10
16.47
15.50
14.42
14.82
13.64
12.82
13.10
11.76
11.26
11.54
10.52
9.84
10.09
9.25
8.54
8.73
7.59
7.39
7.53
6.54
6.38
6.46
5.72
5.52
5.53
4.00
4.10
4.09
2.99
3.01
3.00
2.17
2.14
2.14
1.34
1.45
1.41
0.78
0.93
0.86
Ch BW
RRC
But-10-4
63.22
62.69
62.94
60.88
60.16
60.47
58.30
57.63
57.88
55.87
55.30
55.54
53.85
53.12
53.39
51.58
51.14
51.36
49.86
48.93
49.47
48.20
46.54
47.19
45.66
43.98
44.69
43.12
41.57
42.20
40.98
39.39
39.85
38.07
37.38
37.82
36.73
35.37
35.95
34.86
33.26
34.06
33.10
31.18
32.02
31.45
29.14
29.93
28.96
27.05
27.92
25.49
23.15
23.98
21.31
19.70
20.39
18.26
16.27
17.18
15.50
13.04
13.91
11.76
10.23
10.88
15 kHz Offset ACCPR
Ch BW
RRC
But-10-4
82.91
82.93
82.95
82.33
82.17
82.23
81.44
81.37
81.41
80.66
80.52
80.58
79.78
79.63
79.70
78.89
78.71
78.78
77.92
77.59
77.81
76.84
76.29
76.52
75.42
74.92
75.13
74.00
73.45
73.75
72.79
71.77
72.26
71.19
69.78
70.53
69.72
67.64
68.48
67.72
65.29
66.25
64.97
62.77
63.93
63.19
60.27
61.48
60.87
57.85
59.01
55.87
53.40
54.43
51.58
48.57
50.13
48.20
43.65
45.36
43.12
39.32
40.71
38.07
34.98
36.59
But-4-3
29.81
27.64
25.51
23.46
21.51
19.66
17.87
16.11
14.41
12.81
11.34
9.99
8.79
7.72
6.77
5.94
5.20
3.97
2.99
2.23
1.64
1.19
ENBW
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
8.5
9
9.5
10
10.5
11
11.5
12
12.5
13
14
15
16
17
18
But-4-3
61.28
58.61
56.05
53.54
50.99
48.36
45.70
43.08
40.54
38.08
35.66
33.29
30.97
28.71
26.55
24.47
22.49
18.81
15.55
12.71
10.31
8.32
ENBW
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
8.5
9
9.5
10
10.5
11
11.5
12
12.5
13
14
15
16
17
18
But-4-3
82.78
81.95
81.07
80.11
79.04
77.72
76.14
74.24
72.00
69.44
66.63
63.70
60.71
57.73
54.77
51.87
49.02
43.57
38.47
33.74
29.40
25.44
ENBW
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
8.5
9
9.5
10
10.5
11
11.5
12
12.5
13
14
15
16
17
18

Ch BW
RRC
But-10-4
87.43
87.39
87.40
87.13
87.05
87.09
86.70
86.61
86.64
86.10
86.13
86.12
85.65
85.69
85.68
85.30
85.28
85.29
84.93
84.87
84.91
84.60
84.46
84.49
84.04
84.06
84.06
83.66
83.65
83.67
83.42
83.25
83.28
82.85
82.85
82.88
82.54
82.45
82.48
82.15
82.03
82.07
81.72
81.58
81.65
81.29
81.09
81.20
80.86
80.54
80.68
79.71
79.17
79.43
78.30
77.25
77.76
76.41
74.75
75.47
73.77
71.25
72.59
71.07
66.80
68.78
22.50 kHz Offset ACCCPR
Ch BW
RRC
But-10-4
88.32
88.33
88.35
87.83
87.90
87.89
87.54
87.50
87.51
87.18
87.14
87.14
86.79
86.80
86.80
86.48
86.47
86.48
86.20
86.15
86.16
85.84
85.85
85.84
85.57
85.57
85.56
85.27
85.30
85.31
85.07
85.04
85.05
84.76
84.80
84.80
84.58
84.57
84.56
84.32
84.37
84.35
84.14
84.17
84.17
84.01
83.96
83.99
83.84
83.75
83.79
83.37
83.31
83.34
82.85
82.82
82.84
82.44
82.31
82.34
81.85
81.78
81.82
81.32
81.21
81.28
30 kHz Offset ACCPR
Ch BW
RRC
But-10-4
88.10
88.06
88.08
87.76
87.68
87.68
87.25
87.35
87.32
87.10
87.06
87.07
86.77
86.84
86.83
86.66
86.61
86.64
86.48
86.34
86.38
86.08
86.07
86.06
85.71
85.80
85.78
85.54
85.57
85.55
85.34
85.36
85.35
85.18
85.18
85.18
85.01
85.00
85.01
84.88
84.84
84.85
84.70
84.67
84.67
84.46
84.52
84.51
84.37
84.37
84.36
84.08
84.08
84.08
83.83
83.80
83.82
83.59
83.53
83.54
83.22
83.27
83.26
82.98
83.02
83.01
May 17, 2006
But-4-3
87.34
86.94
86.51
86.06
85.63
85.20
84.78
84.36
83.93
83.50
83.04
82.54
81.93
81.13
80.02
78.45
76.36
70.98
64.97
59.03
53.41
48.14
But-4-3
88.33
87.90
87.50
87.13
86.78
86.45
86.13
85.84
85.56
85.29
85.04
84.80
84.57
84.34
84.11
83.86
83.60
82.94
81.73
79.20
75.01
69.90
But-4-3
88.07
87.70
87.38
87.10
86.83
86.56
86.30
86.05
85.81
85.59
85.39
85.20
85.02
84.84
84.68
84.52
84.37
84.07
83.79
83.52
83.25
82.98
Sample Spreadsheet Graphic

C4FM, 25 kHz Channelization
Offsets 12.5, 9.375 & 6.25 kHz
75
12.5 kHz offset

Ch BW
70
But-10-4
4 graphs
65
Small offsets, 25
kHz plans (shown)
55
RRC
But-4-3
60
Ch BW
But-10-4
50
RRC
But-4-3
45
ACPR (dB)
Large offsets, 25
kHz plans
9.375 kHz offset
6.25 kHz offset

Ch BW
40
But-10-4
35
RRC
But-4-3
30
Small offsets, 30
kHz plans
25
Large offsets, 30
kHz plans
10
20
15
5
0
5
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Victim Receiver ENBW (kHz)
Page 31
May 17, 2006
18
Conclusions
Wide receivers are the most susceptible

Need to evaluate in both directions
Narrow Analog and P-25 have similar interference characteristics

Minor difference is due to minor different sideband energy
Obtaining non-ambiguous ACRR specifications is critical for

frequency coordination
Identify the modulation from emission designator
ACRR at Offset allows estimating ENBW
Current TIA methods of measurement
7.5 kHz offsets are impractical for interleaving with older radios
Current 800 MHz NPSPAC rebanding provides opportunity to create
additional spectrum usage
Repack using worst case actual Source into Victim ENBW rather than
current adjacent 12.5 kHz 40 dBm / 25 dBm
Page 32
May 17, 2006
Frequency Coordination using ACPR

Methodology
Use Emission Designator to determine the modulation
Determine ENBW of victim based on ACRR or
recommendations in TSB-88
Determine the ACPR for the combination to be
evaluated, source Tx into victim Rx
Reduce the ERP of the source Tx by the ACPR
Alternatively reduce the contour criteria by adjacent channel

ACPR
Evaluate resultant Talk out service area reliability due
to co and adjacent channel interference sources

Monte Carlo
Equivalent Interferer
Page 33
May 17, 2006
Desired
Signal
Numerous Interference
Sources
IM
Signal(s)
Margin for
Reliability
Co-Ch, Adj-Ch, &

OOBE Power
Requirement
C/(I+N)
Other Noise
Performance
Requirement
Aggregate Noise &
Interference
Goal is to control the co-channel,

adjacent channel, OOBE, IM power
and the receivers own internal
noise to achieve the desired ratio
of desired signal to the composite
power of the undesired signals and
their effects for the desired level of
performance.
Page 34
May 17, 2006
Margins for Mitigating Interference

Location Standard Deviation (s) dB
Probability %
10%
5%
4%
3%
2%
1%
5.6
6.5
10
10.14 dB
13.07 dB
13.86 dB
14.90 dB
16.27 dB
18.45 dB
11.77 dB
15.17 dB
16.09 dB
17.29 dB
18.88 dB
21.42 dB
14.48 dB
18.67 dB
19.81 dB
21.28 dB
23.24 dB
26.36 dB
18.10 dB
23.33 dB
24.76 dB
26.20 dB
29.04 dB
32.95 dB
This margin plus

capture is required, for
5% and 7dB capture
requires 25.7 dB for s =
8 dB. Public Safety
uses 1% [NPSPAC
band]
Probability of Achieving Required C/I verses Mean C/I as a Funcation of

Location Lognormal Standard deviation (does not include C/N requirement)
NPSPAC Example
Interference Probability (%)
100
Co-channel 35 dB C/I
based
N on 1% interference
at contour & 7 dB capture
= 33.4 dB, rounded to 35
dB.
10
8
6.5
5.6
5
10
Adjacent channel 15 dB
C/I + 20 dB OCR (25 dB
ACRR) produces 40 dB
effective C/I
Multiple sources
Different RPC definitions
of Jurisdiction vs. Service
Area
0.1
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
C/I (dB)
Page 35
May 17, 2006
Joint Probability, Noise & Interference

Joint Probability [8 dB Standard Deviation]
100
90%
91%
92%
93%
94%
95%
96%
97%
98%
99%
99
98
97
96
Joint Probability [%]
95
94
93
92
91
90
89
88
87
To achieve 90% in the presence of

5% Interference requires a C/N
reliability of ~93.5%
86
85
84
0
Probability of Interference [%]
Page 36
May 17, 2006
10
Monte Carlo Simulations

Monte Carlo is preferred way to obtain statistical factors
Tested Equivalent Interferer method against Monte Carlo method

Excel spreadsheet
For 30,000 throws per test, Monte Carlo results were typically within
1% of Equivalent Interferer Spreadsheet results
Monte Carlo
Determine the median signal levels.

Draw from a Gaussian Distribution with the median value at the
predicted level for each variable (Roll the dice)
Repeat the process thousands of times for each point being
calculated
The probability is then determined by the number of successes
divided by the number to tests (rolls), e.g. 5000 tests, with 4800
successes is 4800/5000 = 96% probability of achieving the desired
criteria
Additional margins required for confidence level
Best for Interference and Simulcast predictions

Page 37
May 17, 2006
Monte Carlo Interference Simulation

-s Means
Interferer 1
Interferer 2
Intf 1
-s Means
Intf 2
I1
I2
Desired
C
Tile
-s Mean s
Monte Carlo Simulation

For each draw, pass if: C / (S I + N)
CPCs Cf/(I+N), otherwise fail
Accuracy increases with increased
number of draws
Tile Probability = % Pass/# draws
Adjacent Channel(s) simulated by
reducing source ERP by the ACPR
value.
Desired
Page 38
May 17, 2006
Potential NPSPAC Repacking

Improvements during rebanding
ACPR improvements (assumed 25 dB in original
deployments) based on 20 dB OCR
P-25t P-25r (use 65 dB)

40 dB Improvement
P-25t NPSPAC12.6r (32.5 dB) 7.5 dB Improvement
NPSPACt P-255.5 r (57 dB)
30 dB Improvement
NPSPACt P-257.8 r (46 dB)
20 dB Improvement
NPSPACt NPSPACr (25 dB)
No Change
Allows closer adjacent channel reuse

Requires RPC acceptance and involvement, could
be controversial in a particular RPC

Page 39
May 17, 2006
Additional TSB-88B capabilities

Propagation models
Favors those used by most manufacturers
Acceptance Testing
Detailed Definitions for testing
Statistical Theory for determining number
and size of test locations
Interference Topics
Page 40
May 17, 2006
Next Release(s)
Anticipate sometime in late 2007
Breaking 88C version into four documents

TSB-88.1-C Performance & Frequency Coordination
TSB-88.2-C Propagation (Possible new model)
TSB-88.3-C Acceptance Testing and Interference
Mitigation
TSB-88.4-C Broadband (combines elements of the 3
above exclusive to broadband
Adding Wide Band elements in 88.1 & 88.3
Page 41
May 17, 2006
Contact TSB-88
TSB88@Yahoogroups.com
Post questions on document

Answers by:
Bernie Olson (Past chair & editor)
Tom Rubinstein (Current chair & editor)
Technical Appendix to the Best
Practices Guide
http://www.apcointl.org/frequency/project_39/
downloads/Interference_Technical_Appendix.pd
f
Page 42
May 17, 2006
Page 43
May 17, 2006
Page 44
May 17, 2006
ExampleSINAD
SINAD vs C/Nvs.
for various
Example of Static
C/NIF Bandwidths
for various IF ENBWs
Carrier Squelch Deviation,Static Condition
39
5 kHz,Wide IF
2.5 kHz,Medium IF
2.5 kHz,Narrow IF
SINAD (dB)
30
21
Narrower IFs require a

higher C/N due to
additional distortion
12
3
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Static Carrier to Noise Ratio (C/N dB)
Page 45
May 17, 2006

NPSPAC FM NPSPAC
4 kHz
Deviation
FM Peak
4 kHz Peak
Deviation
90
80
16.0 kHz
12.6 kHz
11.1 kHz
9.6 kHz
7.8 kHz
5.5 kHz R
70
50
40
TIA 603-C
20 dB OCR
ACRR
30
20
10
Page 46
Offset Frequency (Hz

0
25
,0
0
0
22
,5
0
0
20
,0
0
0
17
,5
0
0
15
,0
0
0
12
,5
0
0
10
,0
0
00
7,
5
00
5,
0
2,
5
00
0
0
ACPR (dB)
60
May 17, 2006

Managing Intersystem Interference For Dissimilar Modulations - W09-Olson

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TSB-88

Managing Intersystem Interference

ACPR Vs. ACRR & ACIPR

Cs/N for Reference

Transmitter Noise Power

Receiver Noise Floor

Transmitter, ACPR = ACRR + Cs/N

Receiver, ACRR = ACPR - Cs/N

Receiver, ACIPR = ACPR - Cs/N

Bandwidth Effect, Wider Bandwidths produce lower ratios

Managing Intersystem Intf

May 17, 2006

Transmitter Requirements, ACP

FCC 47 C.F.R. 90.543 (12.5 kHz channels) 700 MHz

TIA-102.CAAB-B, 3.2.8 Unwanted Emissions: NonSpurious Adjacent Channel Power Ratio

NCC Planning Guidelines (Now PSWAC)

Managing Intersystem Intf

May 17, 2006

TIA 603-C Analog ACPR Requirements

Requirements vary with Frequency Band

Managing Intersystem Intf

May 17, 2006

ACRR is equivalent to ACIPR due to method of measurement

Maximum degradation, 9 dB per kHz of offset frequency C4FM

NCC (now PSWAC) Guidelines

Assumes 60 dB ACRR, simplified by using 65 dB ACPR

Managing Intersystem Intf

May 17, 2006

References: 603-C, 102.CAAA/B, TSB-88-B

Digital P-25 Radios

TIA-603/102 - Normative methods & requirements

Managing Intersystem Intf

May 17, 2006

NPSPAC Analog (Special Case) 25 kHz channel, 12.5 kHz spacing

Managing Intersystem Intf

May 17, 2006

Standard Interfering signal

Monitor radios bit error rate, 5% is reference

Managing Intersystem Intf

May 17, 2006

ACRR - Comparison of Older Analog 400 Hz

Dual tone method more representative of actual

Managing Intersystem Intf

May 17, 2006

Managing Intersystem Intf

May 17, 2006

Comparison of SPDs of 3 SPD

Offset Frequency (kHz)

Managing Intersystem Intf

May 17, 2006

victim receiver (ENBW)

Root Raised Cosine (RRC)

Managing Intersystem Intf

May 17, 2006

Filter Comparison (20 kHz ENBW)

Which is the correct

But 10-4 Filter

This slide shows

Managing Intersystem Intf

May 17, 2006

4 Characters with a magnitude symbol at the correct place

4 fill symbols, ||||

B for "Butterworth" XX poles, YY cascades