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Body Coordination
Prepared by: En. Shafie Bin Buyamin
Neurone
1. Basic unit of nervous system 2. Function: Carry impulses 3. Cell body contains nucleus and cytoplasm 4. 3 types of neurone
Sensory Neurone
Motor Neurone
Relay Neurone
Sensory neurone Middle of neurone short Carries impulses from the sensory organ or receptor to the central nervous system
Relay neurone End of neurone changes Transmit impulses from the sensory neurone to the motor neurone
Long Transmits impulses from the central nervous system to the effector
Part of neurone
Function
Cell body
Controls all the activities of neurones Receives impulses and transmits them to the dendron Receives impulses and transmits them to the cell body
Dendrite
Dendron
Function Transmits impulses out of the body Axon insulator to prevent leakage of impulses. Increases the speed of impulse transmission
Myelin sheath
Pathway of impulses
Stimuli
Synapse
Sensory neurone
Receptor
Responses
5. Reflex actions : automatic and fast response of the body towards external stimuli that take place in the spinal cord 6. Reflex action protect us from dangerous situations or injuries 7. Path of reflex action : Reflex arc
Reflex Arc
Stimuli Synapse Sensory neurone Central Nervous System (spinal cord) Relay neurone
Receptor
Responses
2.4 : Proprioceptors
1. Kinaesthetic senses enables us to be aware of the movement and position of the limbs to maintain balance 2. Detect body movements 3. Helps maintaining balance and body coordination 4. Kinaesthetic senses receptor: (proprioceptors) Found in muscles, joints, ligament and tendons 5. Sensitive to tension of muscles
Brain is part of central nervous system Receive impulse, interprets and send impulses to the effectors Can store information Control centre that coordinates body Consists: 1. Cerebrum 2. Cerebellum 3. Medulla oblongata
Part Cerebrum
Feature
Function
1. Largest 1. Control mental 2. Folded to increase activities like surface area thinking, 3. Large number of memory and neurone emotions 4. Left hemisphere: receive nerve impulse from right 2. Control senses: sight, side of body hearing, 5. Right hemisphere: smelling, receive nerve impulse touching from left side of body 3. Control 6. Control voluntary actions muscle movement
Part Cerebellum
Function 1. Control body balance and posture 2. Coordinates muscle movement 3. Control activities like cycling 1. Control involuntary action: breathing, blood pressure, heartbeat
Medulla Oblongata
1. Connect brain with spinal cord 2. Control action for involuntary action
Voluntary
Involuntary
A: Motor area (skeletal muscle movement) B: Sensory area (skin and muscle) C: Speech D: Smell and taste E: Vision F: Hearing
Speech Effect: Dumb Hearing Effect: Deafness Vision Effect: Blind or Partially blind