SECONDARY STORAGE DEVICES

Compiled by Mah-Rukh Fida

SECONDARY STORAGE DEVICES

STORAGE DEVICES
Used to keep data when the power

to the computer is turned off.

Medium/media
Location where data is stored.

SECONDARY STORAGE DEVICES

Overcomes limitation of main memory
Has virtually unlimited capacity as cost per bit is very low Has an operating speed far lower than main memory

Used to store large volumes of data permanently

Also known as auxiliary memory

Introduction to Computers

CLASSIFICATION OF SECONDARY STORAGE DEVICES

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SEQUENTIAL STORAGE DEVICES

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MAGNETIC TAPES

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MAGNETIC TAPES

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MAGNETIC TAPE STORAGE ORGANIZATION

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MAGNETIC TAPE STORAGE ORGANIZATION

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MAGNETIC TAPE-STORAGE ORGANIZATION

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MAGNETIC TAPE-INNER VIEW

Introduction to Computers

Pros and Cons of Magnetic Tape

Inexpensive to store large amounts of information. A reel of tape could store as much as 225 MB in the early 1980s. No other storage technology could compare to the price of tape

Sequential access Slow access

Tapes are highly susceptible to magnetic fields and changes in temperature and humidity Tapes are also susceptible to physical damage Tape miss-feeds Magnetic particle instabilities Substrate deformation

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Magnetic Tape Uses Today

Today, tape based systems are usually used for backup purposes only. Tape still provides the most cost effective method of storing larger amounts of backup information Reliable as long as temperature is kept low and humidity conditions are kept right. Although hard disks are increasingly used as a backup mechanism, tapes are portable. Backups can be taken off-site for greater risk prevention

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DIRECT ACCESS STORAGE DEVICES

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MAGNETIC DISKS

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MAGNETIC DISK: HARD DISK

Usually mounted inside the

computers system unit.

Can store billions of

characters of data.
Stated in forms of bytes:

Megabytes, Gigabytes or

Terabytes

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Introduction to Computers

HARD DISK: STORAGE ORGANIZATION

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HARD DISK: STORAGE ORGANIZATION

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HARD DISK

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HARD DISK: STORAGE ORGANIZATION

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HARD DISK: DISK ADDRESSES AND STORAGE CAPACITY

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HARD DISK: ACCESS MECHANISM

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HARD DISK: DISK ACCESS TIME

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HARD DISK: DISK ACCESS TIME

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HARD-DISK PACKS
Removable
Massive storage capacity Common in mainframes

Used in Banks and credit cards companies.

8-27

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HARD-DISK PACK

8-28

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MAGNETIC DISK: FLOPPY DISK

Round piece of flexible

Mylar plastic covered with a thin layer of magnetic oxide and sealed inside a protective covering.
May be referred to as a

floppy
3 disk capacity is 1.44 MB

or 1,440,000 bytes

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FLOPPY DISKS

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FLOPPY DISK

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MAGNETIC DISKS: ADVANTAGES

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MAGNETIC DISKS: ADVANTAGES

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MAGNETIC DISKS: ADVANTAGES

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MAGNETIC DISKS: LIMITATIONS

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MAGNETIC DISKS: LIMITATIONS

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MEMORY STORAGE DEVICES

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FLASH DRIVE

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MEMORY CARD

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OPTICAL DISKS

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OPTICAL DISK

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OPTICAL STORAGE
Means of recording data as light and dark spots on CD or

DVD.
Reading is done through a low-power laser light.
Pits
Dark spots

Lands
Lighter, non-spotted surface areas

Introduction to Computers

OPTICAL DISK-ROM

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OPTICAL DISK-ROM

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OPTICAL DISK: STORAGE OF DATA

An optical disk is a high-capacity storage medium. An optical drive uses reflected light to read data.

To store data, the disk's metal surface is covered with tiny dents (pits) and flat spots (lands), which cause light to be reflected differently.

When an optical drive shines light into a pit, the light cannot be reflected back. This represents a bit value of 0 (off). A land reflects light back to its source, representing a bit value of 1 (on).

Introduction to Computers

OPTICAL DISK: READING /WRITING OF DATA

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OPTICAL DISK: ACCESS TIME

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OPTICAL DISK: DRIVE

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CD-ROM
CD Read Only Memory Also called CD-R
CD-Read

Storage device that uses laser

technology to read data that is permanently stored on compact disks, cannot be used to write data to a disk.
Can store upto 700 MB

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CD-R (RECORDABLE-WRITE ONCE)-WORM (WRITE ONCE READ MANY)

Data can be written to the

CD once.

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CD-RW

CD-Read Write A storage device that reads data from CDs and also can write

data to CDs.

Similar to a CD-ROM, but has the ability to write to CD. Data can be written multiple times
Introduction to Computers

DVD
DVD ROM
Digital Video Disk which is read only.

DVD-R
Digital Video Disk which can be written to one time. It then

becomes read only.

DVD-RW
Digital Video Disk which can be rewritten to.

Store (4.7-17)GB data

Introduction to Computers

REFERENCES
P.K. Sinha, Computer Fundamentals

Introduction to Computers 11-April-2013

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