WATER ( PREVENTION AND CONTROL POLLUTION) ACT & RULES

Introduction
70% of the Earths surface.
Precious natural resources. Essential for everything on this planet.

Polluted River

The pollution of rivers and streams with chemical contaminants has become one of the most crucial environmental problems within the 20th century.

How does Water Pollution Occur?

Contaminated water is returned again to the source like lakes, rivers etc. Sewage water without treated is discharged into waterways. Rain water runoff from urban and industrial areas and agricultural land and mining operations makes way back to receiving waters and into ground.

Pathways of Contamination

Types of Water Pollution

Microbiological Chemical Oxygen Depleting Substances Nutrients Suspended Matter

Water Pollution Control

The impact due to suspended solids may be minimized by controlling discharge of wastes that contain suspended solids; this includes sanitary sewage industrial wastes etc. Cooling towers can be used to convert oncethrough systems into closed systems. Treated wastewater (such as sewage, industrial wastes, or stored surface run-offs) can be used as a cooling water make up.

Water Pollution Control

All surface run-offs around mines or quarries should be collected, treated, and disposed. Waste containing radioactively should be treated separately by means of dewatering procedures, and solids or brine should be disposed off with special care.

WATER ( PREVENTION AND CONTROL POLLUTION) ACT & RULES

Introduction
The problem of pollution of rivers and streams has assumed a greater importance and urgency as a result of increased industrialisation and tendency for urbanisation.
Thus necessity for treatment of discharged domestic and industrial effluents before sending to stream gains importance in this context. ( cont)

WATER ( PREVENTION AND CONTROL POLLUTION) ACT & RULES

(cont..) If not, contaminated streams and water courses which becomes a major source of drinking water, posses a serious threat to human life and marine life. Also the irrigation ,thereby the economy of the country will be net sufferers.

WATER ( PREVENTION AND CONTROL POLLUTION) ACT & RULES

The purposes of the Act are: To provide for the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution, maintaining or restoring of the wholesomeness of water and to monitor and enforce the regulations. To establish Central and State Pollution Control Boards for the Prevention and Control of water Pollution.

WATER ( PREVENTION AND CONTROL POLLUTION) ACT & RULES

The purposes of the Act are: To provide for conferring and assigning to such Boards, the powers and functions relating thereto and for matters connected therewith, To impose penalties for contravention of provisions of the Act, and To establish central and State water testing laboratories to enable the Board to assess the extent of pollution, lay down standards and establish guilt or default.

WATER ( PREVENTION AND CONTROL POLLUTION) ACT & RULES

Definitions..

WATER ( PREVENTION AND CONTROL POLLUTION) ACT & RULES

Definitions..
Sewage effluent means affluent from any sewerage system or sewage disposal works and includes sullage from open drains.
Sewer means any conduit pipe or channel, open or closed, carrying sewage or trade effluent. Outlet includes any conduit pipe or channel, open or closed carrying sewage or trade effluent or any other holding arrangement which causes or is likely to cause, pollution.

Occupier in relation to any factory or premises, means the person who has control over the affairs of the factory or the premises, and includes, in relation to any substance, the person in possession of the substance

WATER ( PREVENTION AND CONTROL POLLUTION) ACT & RULES

Definitions..
Board means the Central Board or a State Board.
Central Board means the Central Pollution Control Board Constituted under section 3. State Board means a State Pollution Control Board constituted under section 4. Trade effluent includes any liquid, gaseous or solid substance which is discharged from any premises used for carrying on any [Industry, operation or process, or treatment and disposal system], other than domestic sewage.

WATER ( PREVENTION AND CONTROL POLLUTION) ACT & RULES

Definitions..
Stream includesRiver, inland water (whether natural or artificial), water course (whether flowing or for the time being dry), sub-terranean waters, sea or tidal waters to such extent or, as the case may be, to such point as the State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, specify in this behalf.

WATER ( PREVENTION AND CONTROL POLLUTION) ACT & RULES

Indian scenario
In India,
matters, Coordinate with State govt for the purpose of technical assistance on abatements, Lay down safe standards in the state and central sectors, Plan and cause nation wide programmes .
CPCB advice Government on pollution related

WATER ( PREVENTION AND CONTROL POLLUTION) ACT & RULES

Indian scenario
Water (Prevention and control of water pollution ) Act 1974 & Rules 1975.

This act talks about, metering of the water used by the different entities including the industrial consumers, the returns that to furnished by every consumers

WATER ( PREVENTION AND CONTROL POLLUTION) ACT & RULES

Indian scenario
Standard of the meters to be used,
Functions and powers that can be exercised by the central board. Penalty clauses Appeal clauses (Section 25 or 27 )

WATER ( PREVENTION AND CONTROL POLLUTION) ACT & RULES

Functions and powers that can be exercised by the central board.

Advice central govt. on any matter concerning the prevention and control of water pollution.
Co-ordinate activities and resolve disputes among state boards. Provide technical assistance to state board to carry out research and investigations.

WATER ( PREVENTION AND CONTROL POLLUTION) ACT & RULES

Plan and organise the training program of personnels involved in various activities concerning prevention and control of water pollution. Organize mass media awareness programmes.

WATER ( PREVENTION AND CONTROL POLLUTION) ACT & RULES

The acts & rules demands for the setting up of SPCBs in each state. The act provide the industry with permits called consents, which is to be taken by every industry (section 8) Consents are given for a specific period and are to be renewed every year.

WATER ( PREVENTION AND CONTROL POLLUTION) ACT & RULES

SPCBs has got rights to call off the consents

given to any industry if required.

SPCBs tests the standard of the effluents.

They may ask the concerned industry to set up laboratories for testing purpose and also the Effluent Treatment Plants.

WATER ( PREVENTION AND CONTROL POLLUTION) ACT & RULES

SPCBs are required by the Acts & Rules to evolve economical and reliable treatment methods and techniques depending up on the availability
SPCBs can modify and alter the present standards for sewage and trade effluents

WATER ( PREVENTION AND CONTROL POLLUTION) ACT & RULES

Salient features of the Consent.

Daily quantity of water utilized, source and purpose.
Daily maximum effluent generated, type of effluent and mode of disposal. Quality of effluents Monitoring arrangements

WATER ( PREVENTION AND CONTROL POLLUTION) ACT & RULES

Raw materials and chemicals used per month Process Description

Effluent Treatment process

Solid wastes generated in process and during waste treatment.

WATER ( PREVENTION AND CONTROL POLLUTION) ACT & RULES

Emergency measures in case of pollution of stream or well: Under section 32 of Water Act, Where it appears to the State Board that any poisonous, noxious or polluting matter has entered into that stream or well due to any accident or other unforeseen act or event, and if the Board is of opinion that it necessary or expedient to take immediate action, it may for reasons to be recorded in writing, carry out such operations as it may consider necessary for all or any of the following purposes, that it to say.

WATER ( PREVENTION AND CONTROL POLLUTION) ACT & RULES

Emergency measures in case of pollution of stream or well: Under section 32 of Water Act, Removing that matter from the [stream or well or on land] and disposing it off in such manner as the Board considers appropriate Remedying or mitigating any pollution caused by its presence in the stream or well. Issuing orders immediately restraining or prohibiting the person concerned from discharging any poisonous, noxious or polluting matter [into the stream or well or on land], or from making insanitary use of the stream or well.

WATER ( PREVENTION AND CONTROL POLLUTION) ACT & RULES

The Municipal Corporations, Companies, and Government departments are also prosecuted under the Water Act. [sections 47 and 48] Offences by Companies: Section 47, Offences by Government Departments Section 48.

WATER ( PREVENTION AND CONTROL POLLUTION) ACT & RULES

Procedures Legal sampling SPCB Officer to serve a notice to occupier or his agent, In the presence of Occupier or his agent, divide the sample into two parts. Each to be placed in a container marked and sealed and shall also be signed by both. Send one container to the laboratory established or recognised by SPCB On the request of the Occupier or his agent, send the second container to the laboratory established or specified by Central Government / State Government In case of willful absence of the Occupier or his agent Sealed, marked and signed sample container shall be sent to laboratory established or recognised by SPCB and then inform the Government appointed analyst about the willful absence of the Occupier or his agent. Government appointed analyst to submit the report in the prescribed form to SPCB in triplicate. CPCB / SPCB to send one copy of the report to the Occupier or his agent / second copy to be produced in court of law and third copy to be retained by SPCB. In case of any inconsistency or discrepancy between or variation in the results, the analyst carried out, the report of later shall prevail.

WATER ( PREVENTION AND CONTROL POLLUTION) ACT & RULES

The punishment under the Act may imprisonment for a term varying from 3 months to 7 years and / with a fine which may extend to Rs.10,000, with an additional fine which may extend to Rs. 5,000 for every day during which such failure continues after the conviction for the first such failure. If the failure continues beyond a period of one year after the date of conviction, the offender shall, on conviction, be punishable with imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than 2 years but which may extend to 7 years and with fine.