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Ch 19: The Industrial Revolution

Today – Industrial Advances Create Powerful U.S.A.


Positive Advances of Industry,
Technology, and Innovation
Analyze the positives and
negatives of the Industrial
Revolution.
Was industrialization
ultimately good for society?
What items in this room were NOT
made through industrial processes?
Today it seems the whole world is
‘processed.’ It was not always this way.
Video: Intro to the Industrial Revolution
Key Events
• The Industrial Revolution
saw a shift from an economy
based on farming and
handicrafts to an economy
based on manufacturing
by machines and industrial
factories.

• The early conflicts between


workers and employers
produced positive effects for
workers in modern society.
• The I.R. replaced many
handcrafted items with mass-
produced items, many of which
we still use today.
The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain

• The Industrial Revolution


began in Great Britain in the
1780s for several reasons.

• Improved farming methods


increased the food supply,
which drove food prices Manchester, Great Britain
down and gave families
more money for
manufactured goods.
• The increased food
supply also supported a
growing population.
“to make the men
into machines that cannot err.”
Video: Factory Work
• Britain had a ready The Rhodes Colossus—Cecil Rhodes
spanning "Cape to Cairo"
supply of capital–
money to invest–for
industrial machines
and factories.
• Wealthy
entrepreneurs were
looking for ways to
invest and make
profits.
• Finally, Britain had
abundant natural
resources and a supply
of markets, in part
because of its colonial
empire.
British Colonial
Empire
Video: The Cotton Gin
The Spinning Jenny
The only surviving example of the Spinning
Jenny or “Spinning Mule.”
• The cotton industry became even
more productive after the Scottish
engineer James Watt improved
the steam engine in 1782 so it
could drive machinery.
• Steam power was used to spin
and weave cotton.
• By 1840 cotton A late version of a Watt double-acting steam engine

cloth was
Britain’s most
valuable product.
• Its cotton goods
were sold all over
the world.

The 1817 engine in Birmingham, England


James Watt

“Watt” must he be thinking about?


Watt?
A Steam Engine… of course!
The Ind Revolution in Great Britain

• The steam engine drove


Britain’s Industrial
Revolution, and it ran on
coal.
• This led to the coal
industry expanding. The
coal supply seemed
unlimited.
• Coal also transformed the iron industry.
• Iron had been made in England since the
Middle Ages.
• Using the process developed by Henry
Cort called puddling, industry produced a
better quality of iron.
The Iron Bridge in Shropshire, England
The Industrial Revolution in
Great Britain (cont.)
• Since they were an efficient way to move
resources and goods, railroads were
crucial to the Industrial Revolution. 
• The first railroads were slow, but they
developed rapidly. 
• The Rocket was used on the first public railway
line, which opened in 1830. 
• The 32-miles of track went from Liverpool to
Manchester, England. 
• The Rocket pulled a 40-ton train at 16 miles per
hour.
The Industrial Revolution in
Great Britain (cont.)
• Within 20 years, trains were going 50
miles per hour, an incredible speed for
its time. By 1850, Great Britain had more
than 6,000 miles of track. 

• Building railroads was a new job for farm


laborers and peasants. 
• The less expensive transportation lowered
the price of goods and made for larger
markets.
2 Industrial Revolution
nd
Claude
"If the world
Monet really looks
like that I will
If you could paint
this well… you
could make a lot
paint no
of “Monet.”
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
more!"
         
                             -Claude Monet,
The Second Industrial Revolution

• Electricity gave birth to many


inventions, such as the light bulb
invented by Thomas Edison in the
United States.
• A revolution in communications was
ushered in when Alexander Graham
Bell invented the telephone (1876)
and Guglielmo Marconi sent the first
radio waves across the Atlantic
(1901).
Great Exhibition Hall – Hyde
Park, England
Organizing the Working Classes
• Industrial workers formed socialist political
parties and unions to improve their working
conditions. 
• In 1848, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
published The Communist Manifesto.
Manifesto 
• They were appalled by industrial working
conditions and blamed capitalism. 
• They proposed a new social system. 
• One form of Marxist socialism was
eventually called communism.
Organizing the Working Classes (cont.)
• Marx believed world history was a history
of class struggle between the oppressing
owners of the means of production and
the oppressed workers. 
• The oppressors controlled politics and government. 

• Government was an instrument of the ruling class.


• Marx believed that society was
increasingly dividing between the
bourgeoisie (middle-class oppressors)
and the proletariat (oppressed
working-class),
working-class each hostile to the
other. 
Karl Marx is NOT
Santa Claus
But, he was bringing gifts
for the working class
poor.

Karl Marx
proletariat = oppressed working-class

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