Positive Advances of Industry, Technology, and Innovation Analyze the positives and negatives of the Industrial Revolution. Was industrialization ultimately good for society? What items in this room were NOT made through industrial processes? Today it seems the whole world is ‘processed.’ It was not always this way. Video: Intro to the Industrial Revolution Key Events • The Industrial Revolution saw a shift from an economy based on farming and handicrafts to an economy based on manufacturing by machines and industrial factories.
• The early conflicts between
workers and employers produced positive effects for workers in modern society. • The I.R. replaced many handcrafted items with mass- produced items, many of which we still use today. The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain
• The Industrial Revolution
began in Great Britain in the 1780s for several reasons.
• Improved farming methods
increased the food supply, which drove food prices Manchester, Great Britain down and gave families more money for manufactured goods. • The increased food supply also supported a growing population. “to make the men into machines that cannot err.” Video: Factory Work • Britain had a ready The Rhodes Colossus—Cecil Rhodes spanning "Cape to Cairo" supply of capital– money to invest–for industrial machines and factories. • Wealthy entrepreneurs were looking for ways to invest and make profits. • Finally, Britain had abundant natural resources and a supply of markets, in part because of its colonial empire. British Colonial Empire Video: The Cotton Gin The Spinning Jenny The only surviving example of the Spinning Jenny or “Spinning Mule.” • The cotton industry became even more productive after the Scottish engineer James Watt improved the steam engine in 1782 so it could drive machinery. • Steam power was used to spin and weave cotton. • By 1840 cotton A late version of a Watt double-acting steam engine
cloth was Britain’s most valuable product. • Its cotton goods were sold all over the world.
The 1817 engine in Birmingham, England
James Watt
“Watt” must he be thinking about?
Watt? A Steam Engine… of course! The Ind Revolution in Great Britain
• The steam engine drove
Britain’s Industrial Revolution, and it ran on coal. • This led to the coal industry expanding. The coal supply seemed unlimited. • Coal also transformed the iron industry. • Iron had been made in England since the Middle Ages. • Using the process developed by Henry Cort called puddling, industry produced a better quality of iron. The Iron Bridge in Shropshire, England The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain (cont.) • Since they were an efficient way to move resources and goods, railroads were crucial to the Industrial Revolution. • The first railroads were slow, but they developed rapidly. • The Rocket was used on the first public railway line, which opened in 1830. • The 32-miles of track went from Liverpool to Manchester, England. • The Rocket pulled a 40-ton train at 16 miles per hour. The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain (cont.) • Within 20 years, trains were going 50 miles per hour, an incredible speed for its time. By 1850, Great Britain had more than 6,000 miles of track.
• Building railroads was a new job for farm
laborers and peasants. • The less expensive transportation lowered the price of goods and made for larger markets. 2 Industrial Revolution nd Claude "If the world Monet really looks like that I will If you could paint this well… you could make a lot paint no of “Monet.” $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ more!"
-Claude Monet, The Second Industrial Revolution
• Electricity gave birth to many
inventions, such as the light bulb invented by Thomas Edison in the United States. • A revolution in communications was ushered in when Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone (1876) and Guglielmo Marconi sent the first radio waves across the Atlantic (1901). Great Exhibition Hall – Hyde Park, England Organizing the Working Classes • Industrial workers formed socialist political parties and unions to improve their working conditions. • In 1848, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels published The Communist Manifesto. Manifesto • They were appalled by industrial working conditions and blamed capitalism. • They proposed a new social system. • One form of Marxist socialism was eventually called communism. Organizing the Working Classes (cont.) • Marx believed world history was a history of class struggle between the oppressing owners of the means of production and the oppressed workers. • The oppressors controlled politics and government.
• Government was an instrument of the ruling class.
• Marx believed that society was increasingly dividing between the bourgeoisie (middle-class oppressors) and the proletariat (oppressed working-class), working-class each hostile to the other. Karl Marx is NOT Santa Claus But, he was bringing gifts for the working class poor.