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Our Goals
To design, build and test a pulse-jet engine.
Plan of Action
Research and design a prototype of a pulse-jet engine. Build the prototype based on our design. Test the prototype against the theoretical analysis.
The pulsejet took a backseat in the engineering world when the turbofan jet engine was invented
Has returned to the engineering scene as of late because of the interest in Pulse Detonation Engines (PDE).
The rapidly expanding gasses exit out of the engine and as this happens a vacuum is created in the combustion chamber which pulls in a fresh new air charge fro m the atmosphere, and then the whole cycle repeats itself.
Combustion Cycle
Design Research
The Lenoir cycle is an idealized thermodynamic cycle often used to model a pulse-jet engine. Comprises of 3 cycles: Heat added at constant volume. Adiabatic Expansion. Exhaust of the hot gasses at a constant pressure. Thrust can be directly calibrated on the basis that the cycle is completed over two working strokes.
Design Research
C.E. Tharratt
Discovered a surprising result that the ratio of duct volume to effective length had a linear relationship to the maximum static thrust or:
V/L = 0.00316F
This relationship has been compared to all known pulse-jets from the large V-1 flying bomb of over 500 lb. thrust to the miniature Dyna-jets of 4-5 lbs. thrust.
Thrust = 2.2 x Cross-Sectional area or F = 2.2A
Sample Calculations
. . . . .
Exhaust Pipe
Valveless
Petal Valve
Valve Grid
Ranked on a 1 to 10 scale (1 being the worst and 10 being the best) MACHINABILITY FUNCTIONALITY WEIGHT AESTETICS TOTALS COST EFFICIENCY
Valve-less
10
10
10
10
39
Petal Valve
5
5
6
8
8
6
6
8
6
6
9
9
40
42
Valve grid
10
31
Valve Design
Sample Calculation.
Valve area = (0.23 x mean cross-sectional area) / 0.6 assuming the valves are going to be 60% efficient. Valve Area = (0.23 x 7.72)/0.6 = 2.96 in
Valve Design
Diffuser
Reed Valve
Final Design
Valve Assembly
Body Assembly
Valve Body
Stainless Selected because of its higher resistance to heat then mild steel.
Reed Valve
Aluminum used for its light weight and its machinability. low alloy, medium carbon steel or high carbon steel with a very high yield strength. This allows objects made of spring steel to return to their original shape despite significant bending or twisting.
Benchman Verification
Testing
Prototype will be tested to verify thrust output.
Test Stand will be constructed to secure PulseJet safely. Digital scale will be attached to frame to calculate thrust
Budget
Stainless steel sheet metal, with labor: $150 Valve Body: $0 on hand Reed Valves with machining labor: $25 Propane Tank: $0, on hand Fuel Delivery System: $0 on hand Instrumentation: $0 on hand Test stand material: $0 on hand Fuel: $50 Total: $175
Projects Future
Continue testing on prototype to gain further knowledge of its operating cycle. Construct larger Jet using the knowledge gained from this smaller prototype. Use larger engine to power to propel a manned vehicle.
Thank You
Group 4 would like to thank
Professor Roberts Professor Rourke Mechanology Inc. (Attleboro, MA) Waynes Sheet Metal Pauls Custom Exhaust Projects Lab Staff Machine Shop Staff
Bibliography
Simpson Bruce The Enthusiasts' Guide to Pulsejet Engines http://www.aardvark.co.nz/pjet/ http://www.zachmiers.com/pulsejetbo ok/ http://www.pulse-jets.com/ Roy, Gabriel Combustion processes in propulsion control, noise, and pulse detonation
Questions?