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Engineering H191 Engineering Fundamentals and Laboratory I

Orthographic and Isometric

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Objectives
Orthographic Projections View Selection Glass Box Approach First Line Precedence Two View Drawings Tips

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Orthographic Projections

Orthographic Projections are a collection of 2-D drawings that work together to give an accurate overall representation of an object.
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Defining the Six Principal Views or Orthographic Views

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Which Views to Present?

General Guidelines Pick a Front View that is most descriptive of object Normally the longest dimension is chosen as the width (or depth) Most common combination of views is to use: Front, Top, and Side View Any other view different from the Principal Views is called an Auxiliary View
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Glass Box Approach

Most powerful technique to understand orthographic projections
Suspend the object with transparent strings inside a glass box Freeze the view from each direction (each of the six sides of the box) and unfold the box Animation illustrates glass-box approach
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Glass Box Approach

Available on the FEH website:

Go to : http://feh.osu.edu
Click AU Materials on left to find: Syllabi for FEH courses Engineering H191 Lecture notes Other Materials - Glass Box Animation

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Glass Box Approach

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Glass Box Approach

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Glass Box Approach

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Glass Box Approach

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Glass Box Approach

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Glass Box Approach

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First and Third Angle Projections

Third-angle Projection

First-angle Projection

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First Angle International Third Angle U.S.

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Conventional Orthographic Views

Width

Top View

Depth

Front View

Right Side View

Height

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Are The Orthographic Views OK?

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Orthographic Must Be In Projection

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Hidden and Center Lines

Hidden Line used to represent features that cannot be seen in the current view

Centerlines used to represent symmetry and to mark the center of circles and the axes of cylinders, and the axes of symmetrical parts, such as cylinders and bolts

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For Example:

1. Visible 2. Hidden 3. Center

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Precedence of Lines
Visible lines takes precedence over all other lines
0.70 mm Hidden lines and cutting plane lines take precedence over center lines 0.35 mm

Center lines have lowest precedence

0.35 mm
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Example:

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Application of Precedence

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Intersecting Lines in Orthographic Projections

Solid Line Intersections

Dashed Line Special Case Intersections

Gap
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Two-View Drawings
Some objects can be fully described by two views, look for: Symmetry or Bodies of Rotation

Front View
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Right Side View

Front View

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Other Two-View Examples

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Summary
Introduced to orthographic projections

We recommend the software animation exercise

introduced in class. Animation can be found on the FEH web site under additional materials Glass Box Theory.

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Review Questions

Rectilinear grids are used for sketching isometric pictorials True/False

Based on the lines of sight, orthographic projection drawings are classified as ___________ projections There are ____ standard principal views of orthographic projections

Each view in an orthographic projection concentrates on ____ dimensions of the object

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Hints for Orthographic Projection Sketching

Identify the major features and overall dimensions of the object Calculate max. length * height * breadth dimensions Start by drawing bounding boxes with light construction lines. Keep views aligned while sketching

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Hints for Orthographic Projection Sketching

Title Information is required follow conventions
Usage of construction lines is encouraged. Mandatory for circle or ellipse

Orthographic projection:
Alignment of the views is important! Will not be graded, if not aligned

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Hints for Orthographic Projection Sketching

Follow the precedence of lines Darken all visible, hidden, and center lines Map inclined and oblique faces to all three views Inclined faces appear foreshortened in two views and as a line or an edge in the other view. Oblique surfaces appear foreshortened in all views but have the same characteristic shape (triangle in this case) Inclined surface Foreshortened Oblique surface

Foreshortened

Edge or Line
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Sketching a Circle
Draw a square whose sides are the diameter of the circle. At the center of each side define the point of tangency for the circle. Draw the diagonals of the square. Orient the paper so you can draw equal arcs to construct the circle
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Today's Assignment
T15 TG 2.6 and 2.17

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