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Noviyanti Syahri, S.S.

DIRECT - INDIRECT SPEECH

Definition:
Quotation from what someone says.

Kinds:
1. Statement 2. Imperative Sentence 3. Prohibition 4. Question

Introductory Sentence Present Past Past Past Past Past Past Past Past Past Past Past Past Past Past Past Past

Direct Statement Any Tenses Simple Present Present Continuous Present Perfect Present Perfect Cont. Simple Past Past Continuous Past Perfect Past Perfect Cont. Present Future Future Continuous Future Perfect Future Perfect Cont. Past Future Past Fut. Cont. Past Fut. Perfect Past Fut. Perfect Cont.

Indirect Statement Any Tenses Simple Past Past Continuous Past Perfect Past Perfect Cont. Past Perfect Past Perfect Cont. Past Future Past Fut. Cont. Past Fut. Perfect Past Fut. Perfect Cont. Past Future Perfect Past Fut. Perfect Cont. -

STATEMENT
1. Molly says, My mother cooks rice everyday. Molly says that her mother cooks rice everyday. 2. Billy says, My brother broke the glass. Billy says that his brother broke the glass. * When the introductory sentence is in present tense, then the tense in direct statement is not changed.

3. 4.

Monica said, I know his secret. Monica said that she knew his secret. Indra told me, I called you last night. Indra told me that he had called me the night before. When the introductory sentence is in past tense, then the tense in direct statement is changed, it is usually in past form.

Imperative Sentence
1. Mr. Tommy asks the students, Open page 22 now! Mr. Tommy asks the students to open page 22 then. 2. Miss Uni told us, Read the article then retell it to me! Miss Uni told us to read the article then retell it to her.
* In Imperative Sentence, the tense in direct statement is not changed, even the introductory sentence is in present or past form.

Prohibition
1. My mother commands my brother, Dont eat lots of candy! My mother commands my brother not to eat lots of candy. 2. Danny ordered to them, Dont be noisy! Danny ordered to them not to be noisy. * In Prohibition, the tense in direct statement is not changed, even the introductory sentence is in present or past form.

Question
1. Rio says, Do you come here? Rio says if I come there. 2. Galang said, Where do you live? Galang said where I lived.
In Yes/No Question, use if or whether. In WH Question, use WH.

Adverbs Time

Direct Statement Now Yesterday Next Tomorrow ago Today Last Then

Indirect Statement The day before/the previous day The after/the following The next day/the following day before That day The before/the previous There That Those

Place Other

Here This These

Do what you can do today, dont wait till tomorrow.. ^_^

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