EE1451 RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES

UNIT I ENERGY SCENARIO

What is Energy? Energy is the amount of work that can be performed by a force. It can be never created or destroyed.

CLASSIFICATION OF ENERGY SOURCES

(i) Based on Usability of Energy (a) Primary Resources: These are resources

embodied in nature prior to undergoing any human made conversions or transformations. E.g. Coal, Crude Oil,Sunlight,Wind Etc.,, (b) Intermediate Resources: These are obtained from primary energy by one or more steps of transformations and are used as vehicles of energy. (c) Secondary Resources: Which is finally supplied to a consumer for utilization is known as secondary or usable energy. E.g. Electrical Energy, Thermal Energy Etc.,

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(ii) Based on Traditional Use (a) Conventional Energy: Which are traditionally
used for many decades and were common use around the oil crisis of 1973,are called conventional energy resources E.g. Fossil Fuels , Nuclear etc.,,

(b) Non-Conventional Energy Resources:

which are considered for large scale use after oil crisis of 1973,are called non-conventional energy resources E.g. Solar, Wind, Biomass etc.,

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(iii) Based on Long Term Availability
not get replenished after their consumption are called non-renewable. E.g. Fossil Fuels Uranium Etc., (b) Renewable Energy: Which are renewed by nature again and again and their supply is not affected by the rate of their consumption are called renewable E.g. Solar,Wind,Ocean (Thermal, Tidal and wave) Etc.,

(a) Renewable Energy: Which are finite and do

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(iv) Based on Commercial Application
(a) Commercial Energy: The Secondary usable
energy forms such as electricity ,petrol, diesel etc., are essential for commercial activities and are categorized as commercial energy resources. The economy of a country depends on its ability to convert natural raw energy into commercial energy.

(b)Non Commercial Energy: The Energy derived

from nature and used directly without passing through a commercial outlet is called a non commercial resource. E.g. Wood, Animal Dung Cake, Crop Residue

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(v) Based on Origin i. Thermal Energy ii. Chemical Energy iii. Electrical Energy iv. Radiant Energy v. Nuclear Energy vi. Magnetic Energy vii. Elastic Energy viii. Sound Energy ix. Mechanical Energy

Characteristics of a good source of fuel : i) It should have a high energy output per unit mass or volume. ii) It should be easily available. iii) It should be easy to store and transport. iv) It should be economical.

Conventional Sources of Energy

i. The sources of energy which have been in use for a long time, e.g., coal, petroleum, natural gas and water power. ii. They are exhaust able except water. iii. They cause pollution when used, as they emit smoke and ash. iv. They are very expensive to be maintained, stored and transmitted as they are carried over long distance through transmission grid and lines. v. These are cheaper than non-conventional sources. -Rs.1.90 Kwh from gas,Rs.1.65 per Kwh from coal Rs.3.0 kWh from diesel, Re 1.0 per Kwh from hydro resource,Rs.1.20 Per Kwh from nuclear resources.

Non-Conventional Sources of Energy

i. The resources which are yet in the process of development over the past few years. It includes solar, wind, tidal, biogas, and biomass, geothermal. ii. They are inexhaustible. iii. They are generally pollution free. iv. Less expensive due to local sue and easy to maintain.