33.1 Intro.

Age of Exploration lasted from 1418-1620. What were all of the explorers looking for? Most were looking for a westward sea route to the Indies.

33.2 What Were the Reasons for the Age of Exploration?

What Were the Motives for Exploration? What was the MAIN reason? One of the main reasons was to find new trade routes to Asia. Muslims and Italians controlled the flow of trade. What were some of the other reasons for exploration? Explorers also wanted fame, wealth, and adventure. European countries wanted to claim new lands for wealth. Europeans also wanted to spread Christianity.

What Were the Advances in Knowledge and Technology?

There was an advance in cartography after Ptolemys ancient book was translated into Latin. What is cartography? Discoveries gave cartographers new info to work with. By 1500 globes b/g to appear, and maps clearly showing N. and S. America. Mercator b/g making maps with improved lines of longitude and latitude. Whats longitude and latitude? Spanish and Portuguese b/g building caravels with lateen sails. What are the advantages to the caravel and the lateen sail? B/g using improved compass and astrolabe. Whats an astrolabe do? Improved weapons gave explorers an advantage over native populations.

Ptolemys map

Globe from 1492

Mercators map from 1587

Portuguese Caravel

33.3 How Did Portugal Begin the Age of Exploration?

Key figure was Henry the Navigator (who was not a navigator). Then why was he called Henry the Navigator? He funded many voyages and built a school of navigation. Focused on the west coast of Africa to continue crusades, find gold, and get in on trade. In 1488 Dias sailed around the tip of Africa. 1497 Vasco da Gama sailed to India. 1500 Cabral sailed to Brazil and claimed it for Portugal.

Henry the Navigator

Bartolomeu Dias

Vaco da Gama

Pedro Cabral

The route of Dias

Route of Vasco da Gama

What Was the Impact of Portuguese Exploration?

What do you think they got from Africa? They brought back gold and slaves from Africa. They brought back spices, jewels and silk from India. What was the biggest impact of Portuguese exploration? Their control of the Indian Ocean broke the hold the Muslims and Italians had on Asian trade, and as a result, prices dropped. Portugal b/g to colonize in Brazil where they set up sugar plantations. Guess what they began importing? They then b/g importing slaves from Africa.

33.4 What Were Spains Early Explorations?

Who Were the Key Explorers? Who funded Columbus voyage? Ferdinand and Isabella funded Columbus voyage west to find a shorter route to Asia. Columbus set sail in 1492 and landed in Central America, believing he had found the Indies. Why do you think natives were called Indians? Magellan believed he could hit the Indies by sailing through a strait in S. America. Is there a strait? In 1519 he found the strait at the tip of S. America and continued west to Asia.

Ferdinand and Isabella

Christopher Columbus

Ferdinand Magellan

Columbus 4 voyages

 How long did it take to cross the Pacific? It took him 3 months to cross the Pacific. Magellan was killed in the Philippines, but his crew finally made it back to Spain after 3 years at sea to b/c the first to circumnavigate the globe.

Magellans Voyage

What Was the Impact of Early Spanish Exploration?

Magellan found a westward route to the Indies and proved Columbus had found a new world. What do you think Spain got out of it? Spain earned wealth by settlements in S. America and got new crops. What do you think was the impact on the native populations? Devastating effects on native populations (disease) and forced conversion. Guess what Spain imported to work the sugar plantations? Spain also imported African slaves to new settlements.

Spanish and Portuguese Exploration

Settlement patterns

33.5 What Was the Later Spanish Exploration and Conquest?

Spain turned to Conquistadors to conquer and explore the New World. Which empire was located in Mexico? In 1519 Cortez conquered the Aztec capital Tenochtitlan, and took Montezuma prisoner. By 1520, Cortez had destroyed the Aztec Empire. Had did Cortez do it with so few men? 4 reasons for defeat: 1. thought Cortez was a god; 2. Indian allies; 3. Better weaponry; 4. Disease

Hernan Cortez

Typical conquistadors

Typical Aztec warrior

Meeting with Montezuma

With Dona Marina (the Malinche)

The conquest

 In 1532, Pizarro conquered the Incas. How was he able to do it?

Machu Picchu (Incan Empire)

What Was the Impact of the Later Spanish Exploration and Conquest?
For a time, Spain b/c one of the richest countries in the world. Spain got gold, silver, and new crops. How could all this new wealth actually hurt Spain? Spain experienced inflation and money was spent wastefully.

Who got what?

33.6 What Was European Exploration in North America?

Who Were the Key Explorers? England, France, and the Netherlands all sent expeditions to N. America. J. Cabot, sailing for England, trying to find the N.W. Passage, reached Canada in 1497 and claimed the region. Verrazano, sailing for France reached the coast of N. Carolina in 1524 and made claims to the region.

John Cabot

Giovanni da Verrazano

Henry Hudson

 H. Hudson explored N. America in 1609 sailing for the Dutch, also looking for the N.W.P. He came back, sailing for the English and was castaway by his crew.

Poor Henry Hudson

What Was the Impact of European Exploration in N. America?

There was no gold, but guess what they did find No gold, but explorers did find good fishing, and furs. What happened to Spain? Exploration led to a war b/t England and Spain. In 1588 England defeated the Spanish Armada, which marked the end of Spanish domination in Europe.

33.7 What Was the Impact of Exploration on European Commerce and Economies?
Increased amt of goods, raw material, and precious metals in Europe. Resulted in the growth of capitalism (investing money for profit) and a market economy (prices set by the open market). How did exploration result in capitalism? How did it result in a market economy? Also led to a rise in cottage industry where people hired out their own labor for a wage (esp. important in textile industry). Why did exploration result in a cottage industry?

 Also, led to rise in mercantilism where countries tried to export as many finished goods as possible, while importing as few goods as possible. How did exploration lead to a rise in mercantilism?