=

=
bol i de vect or i
et i ol ogi ci ag.
daunat or i
bol i
subst .
EUTICE) FITOFARMAC Subst . PESTICIDE(
pl antel e protej a
Definitie
GRUPA Toxicitate DL50(mg/Kg)
(sobolani)[oral]
Grupa I Foarte toxice Sub 50
Grupa II Toxice 50-200
Grupa III Moderat toxice 200-1000
Grupa IV
Putin toxice Peste 1000
Clasa
Denumire Agent
patogen
1 INSECTICIDE
insecte
2 ACARICIDE
acarieni
3
FUNGICIDE si BACTERICIDE
fungi, bacterii
4
NEMATOCIDE si
STERILIZANTI sol
nematode
5 RODENTICIDE
rozatoare
6 MUSCULOCIDE
gastropode
7 ERBICIDE
buruieni
8
DEFOLIANTE si DESICANTE
9
REGULATORI CREST.
10 PROD. AUXIL.

=
Carbamice
olice Dinitrofen
(OP) orice Organofosf
(OCl) urate Organoclor
organice e 2)Substant
CS As, H
P H S, H HCN,
Se, Pb, As,
compusi minerale e 1)Substant
2 3
3 2
cLASIFICARE
P
R
O
X
1
2
R
R
; R
1
2
=
rest alchilic
rest oxialchilic
rest aminoalchilic
X = rest acid anorganic sau organic
FORMULA GENERALA A PESTICIDELOR ORGANOFOSFORICE
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) pi r of osf at et i l TEPP(t et r a
i c) pi r of osf or aci dul ui t et r ami da et i l OMPA(oct am
) pi r of osf at et i l TEEP(t et r a
DIPTEREX DICLORVOS,
PARAOXON
PARATION

NTI REPREZENTA
Verde de Paris

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NTE NEPERSISTE
C.NETOXI CI
RE DESCOMPUNE
2
O
O
2
H
0
T
lumina
mica : e Stabilitat
EMULSI I
O
2
insolb.H
lipide org, solb.solv.
restul
TEPP OMPA,
Dipterex
O
2
solb.H : le gr.hidrofi
te Solubilita
OMPA
Dipterex
Rogor
M.caract. , Cristaline
ALBUI E) I NCOLORE(G LI CHI DE
S.A.
GENERALE TICI CARACTERIS
P
H C -O
S
2
NO
5
H C -O
2 5
O
2
P
H C -O
O
2
NO
5
H C -O
2 5
O
2
Paration
(p-nitrofenil dietiltiofosfat)
Paraoxon
(p-nitrofenildietilfosfat)
S
P
H C -O
NO H C -O O
2
Metilparation
3
3
S
P
H C -O
H C -O O
Diclorvos (DDVP)
(diclorvinil dimetilfosfat)
3
3
CH CCl
2
P
H C -O
S
2
NO
5
H C -O
2 5
O
2
P
H C -O
O
2
NO
5
H C -O
2 5
O
2
Paration
(p-nitrofenil dietiltiofosfat)
Paraoxon
(p-nitrofenildietilfosfat)
S
P
H C -O
NO H C -O O
2
Metilparation
3
3
S
P
H C -O
H C -O O
Diclorvos (DDVP)
(diclorvinil dimetilfosfat)
3
3
CH CCl
2
TOXICOCINETICA
rapida ABSORBTIA
vala) (Conjuncti
Digestiva
ata Transcutan
ie Respirator
=
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PATRUNDERE DE CAI
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creier
miocard
muschi
PLAMANI
RINICHI
FICAT
A DISTRIBUTI
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+
+
<
DETP DEP mi nor a (II)cal e
ni t r of enol p DEP
or i ) 10 oxi c PARAOXON(t ) PARATION(I
FORMARE
HI DROLI ZA
OXI DATI VA E DESULFURAR
PARATION RMARE BIOTRANSFO
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HIDROLIZA de PRODUSI
t oxi c) ai MALAOXON(m MALATION
HOH
OXI DATI VA E DESULFURAR
N MALATIO RMARE BIOTRANSFO
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TOXICI nesat urat i produsi INSECTE

NETOXICI produsi OM
HCl
HUDROLI ZA
DIPTEREX RMARE BIOTRANSFO
P
O
S
NO
O
O
5 2
5
2
2
H C
H C
desulfurare
oxidativa
PARATION
O
P
O
NO
O
O
5 2
5
2
2
H C
H C
PARAOXON
P
O
S
NO
O
O
5 2
5
2
2
H C
H C
PARATION
P
OH
S
O
O
5 2
5
2
H C
H C
DETP
(dietiltiofosfat)
C
+
HO
NO
2
p-nitrofenol
P
OH
O
O
3
H C
H C
DIPTEREX
O
CH
CCl
OM
3
3
2
P
O
O
3
H C
H C
O
OH
CH
OH
CCl
3
+
3
+HOH
P
OH
O
O
3
H C
H C
DIPTEREX
O
CH
CCl
3
3
INSECTE
2
HCl
P
O
O
3
H C
H C
O
CH
CCl
3
+
P
O
O
3
H C
H C
S
CH
COO-C H
3
2
MALATION
CH
5 2
COO-C H
2
5
S
DESULFURARE
OXIDATIVA
P
O
O
3
H C
H C
CH
COO-C H
3
2
MALAOXON
CH
5 2
COO-C H
2
S
O
P
O
N
(CH )
(H C)N
P
O
O
(H C)N
N
(CH )
OMPA
(ocatametiltetraamida acidului pirofosforic)
N-dezalchilare
2
3
2
3
3
2
3
2
OH
P
O
N
(CH )
(H C)N
P
O
O
(H C)N
N
CH
Derivat hidroximetil-OMPA
(forma toxica)
CH
2
2
3
2
3
3
2
3
(
(
(
(

INA ACETILCOL cu a structural asemanare

ESTERAZEI IN ACETILCOL a a competitiv inhibitia
TOXICODINAMIA
(H C)
+
O
3 2
N CH
3
2
C
CH
O
CH
3
ACETILCOLINA
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=
Convulsii
Mioza
ne Hipotensiu
digestive Tulburari
bronsic spasm
laringian spasm
bronsica tie Hipersecre
generala glandulara tie Hipersecre
ACUTA A INTOXICATI
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digestive tulburari
ce neuropsihi tulburari
ie transpirat
mioza
CRONICA A INTOXICATI
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exogena PseudoChE
ChE de Induct or i
ATROPINA
ANTIDOT
PESTICID
OP
CANTI
TATE

REZIDUU (ppm)
PERIOADA (zile)
0 10 15
Metil-
paration
1 Kg/ha 36 0,8 0,3
2 Kg/ha 55 1,5 1,0
Etil-
paration
1 Kg/ha 33 1,5 3,0
2 Kg/ha 80 4,0 5,0
Dinamica reziduurilor de metilparation i
etilparation din lucerna tratat
(dup Buck, citat de Popescu, 1996)
Insecticid
OP
Reziduu in lapte total (ppm)
Timpul dupa tratare (ore)
12 24 72 168
0,06%
Diazinon
0,35 0,14 0,02 0,02
0,25%
Cumafos
0,03 0,02 < 0,01 <0,01
0,3%
Ciodrin
0,077 0,004 0,001 -
Reziduurile de organofosforice
din laptele provenit de la animale intoxicate
Pesticid OP PRODUS ALIMENTAR LMA [mg. s.a./Kg produs]
MALATION
Ardei, cartofi, conpid,
mazre, rdcinoase,
pere
0,50
Cpune, elin 1,00
Mere, fasole verde 2,00
Fin gru, fin secar 2,00
Tomate, napi, varz crea 3,00
Fructe citrice 4,00
Varz broccoli 5,00
Ciree, piersici, prune 6,00
Limitele maxime admise ale malationului n produse
agroalimentare
Limite maxime admise ale parationului i metil-parationului
n produse agroalimentare
Pesticid OP PRODUS LMA [mg.
s.a./Kg]
PARATION Cereale 0,50
Fructe 0,50
Legume 0,70
Caise, citrice, piersici 1,00
METIL
PARATION
Cereale 0,10
Hamei uscat, sfecl zahr, ulei
de bumbac
0,05
Castravei, ceai verde i negru,
conopid, tomate, varz i
varz de Bruxelles, fructe
0,20
DOZAREA REZIDUURILOR DE OP
PROBA
EXTRACTIE Eter petrol+acetonitril
EXTRACT BRUT
PURIFICARE(sulf
at de Na anhidru)
PURIFICARE(col.
florosil)
ELUARE(eter etilic+eter
petrol)
CONCENTRARE
CONCENTRAT
DOZARE CG
Malation, Paration, Metil-paration
Diazinon, Diclorvos
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at policlorur CAMFEN
TOXAFEN
TERPENICI Derivati
HEPTACLOR
CLORDAN
DIELDRIN
ALDRIN
I POLICICLIC halogenati Derivati
(HCH) CICLOHEXAN de Derivati
(DDT) N DIFENILETA de Derivati
E CLASIFICAR
CCl
Cl
C
3
H
Cl
DDT
(Diclordifenil-tricloretan)
Cl
H
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
H
H
H
H
H
HCH
(Hexaclorciclohexan)
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) =
RE BIOACUMULA
LINDAN ( izomeri 3 : HCH
) (pp' izomeri 3 : DDT
Izomerie
insolb.HOH
ici solv.organ
lipide
solb.
: S
M.specific albe, , cristaline pulberi : SA
GENERALE TICI CARACTERIS

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>

=

toxic) 4 epoxidic(2 deriv.
epoxidare
Heptaclor
Dieldrin Aldrin
iclohexena tetraclorc HCH
acid
[O]
DDE DDT
rmarea Biotransfo
maduva
creier
ficat
ADIPOS TESUT
a Distributi
ata transcutan
ie respirator
(aliment) digestiva
rapida Absorbtia
2H ,
2
Cl
HCl
TOXICOCINETICA
CCl
Cl
C
3
H
Cl
DDT
(Diclordifenil-tricloretan)
[insecticid puternic]
HCl
CCl
Cl
C
2
Cl
DDE
(Diclordifenil-dicloretena)
[insecticid slab]
[O]
METABOLIZARE
COOH
Cl
C
H
Cl
Acid diclordifenilacetic
Cl
H
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
H
H
H
H
H
Hexaclorciclohexan
2HCl
Cl
H
Cl
Cl
Cl
H
H
H
Tetraclorciclohexena

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=
=
=+
=
enzimatic inductor DDT
CE HEPATOTOXI
DIELDRIN
ALDRIN
CLORDAN
ular cardiovasc aparat
LINDAN
DIELDRIN
ALDRIN
DDT
e cancerigen
e neurotoxic
OCl
TOXICITATE
re asemanatoa
CRONICA A INTOXICATI
ACUTA A INTOXICATI
=
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moarte resp insuf.

convulsii
confuzii
ataxie
ce neuropsihi Tulb.
diaree
vomismente
greata
digestive Tulb.
PESTICID
ORGANOCLORURAT
DL [g]
DDT
CLORDAN
20
LINDAN 7-15
TOXAFEN 7
ALDRIN
DIELDRIN
HEPTACLOR
3-5
DOZE LETALE
SEMNIFICATIA ECOTOXICOLOGICA A OCl
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=
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=
=|
=
Heptaclor
Dieldrin Aldrin,
DDT
: inductoare OCl
celor xenobioti a re metaboliza de ratei crestrea
nte metaboliza enzime de sintezei stimularea
ENZIMATICA INDUCTIE
ppm 2000 htiofage pasarii
ppm 900 peste
ppm 10 plancton
ppm 0,02 conc DDT; cu lac unui poluarea
Experiment
trofic lantului lungul a de POCl de conc.
BIOLOGICA IE MAGNIFICAT
dupa12luni

Pesticid
organocl
orurat
Boabe de
soia
[ppm]
Ulei de
soia
[ppm]
rot de
soia
[ppm]
DDT 0,006 0,015 0,005
DDE urme 0,002 0,001
Dieldrin 0,002 0,013 urme
Toxafen 0,004 0,024 -
Coninutul mediu n pesticide organoclorurate

ALIMENT CONCENTRAIE
[mg s.a./Kg
produs]
CEREALE 0,10
CAISE, PRUNE, CITRICE 0,10
MERE, PERE, CIREE, VIINE 0,20
LEGUME, CARTOFI,
RADCINOASE
0,50
ULEIURI VEGETALE 0,20
LAPTE 0,05
UNT(GRSIME), OU, PETE 0,50
CARNE 5,00
Limite maxime admise la DDT n diferite
ALIMENT CONCENTRAIE
[mg s.a./Kg produs]
Boabe de porumb 0,02
Boabe de gru 0,03
Pete 0,15
Legume, ou 0,20
Grsime porc, carne porc 0,25
Carne pasre, uleiuri
vegetale rafinate
0,30
Lapte, unt, carne vit, oaie,
capr
0,50
Limite maxime admise la HCH

=rar suspensii
emulsii
pulberi
eutice fitofarmac Forme
4
NH de saruri
Na de saruri
chimice Forme
organici solv. in solb.
HOH solb. greu
: S
amare galbene, , cristaline pulb. : SA
GENERALE TICI CARACTERIS
O N
OH
CH
2
3
2
NO
DNOC
(dinitro-ortocrezol)
11
O N
OH
C H
2
5
2
NO
Dinex
(dinitro-orto-ciclohexilfenol)
2
O N
OH
CH
2
3
2
NO
CH
CH
CH
3
Dibutox
(dinitro-orto-butilfenol)
RE BIOACUMULA
LENTA FOARTE : El i mi nar e
l ent a : r e Met abol i za
RAPIDA
t a t r ansut ana
i e r espi r at or
di gest i va
Absor bt i a

TICA TOXICOCINE

=
ATP de si nt ezei scader ea
FO decupl ar ea
cel ul ar i Toxi ci
T IA OXICODINAM
GRAVE I INTOXICATI mg 70 de zi l ni ce Doze
g 3 1 DL

=
Toxicitate

hematurie
oligurie
icter
le hepatorena tulb.
voma
greturi
digestive tulb.
exagerata sete
abundenta ie transpirat
fizica epuizare oboseala
ACUTA A INTOXICATI

sanguine tulb.
e neurologic tulb.
le hepatorena tulb.
digestive tulb.
CRONICA A INTOXICATI
REPREZENTANTI
O
C
NHCH
3
O
Carbaril
CH(CH )
N(CH )
2
CH
3
3
3
N
N
O
C O
2
Izolan
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~
=
:
=
=

OP
a Intoxicati
CARBAMICE
a Intoxicati
6g
Izolan
DL
SNC in patrund nu
spontana ChE reactivare
mica e intensitat
durata scurta
(inhibitia
CheE ai INHIBITORI
GENERALE TICI CARACTERIS
ALIMENT CONCENTRAIE [mg
s.a./Kg produs]
Castravei, dovleac, pepene galben 3,00
Ardei, banana, fasole verde,
mazre, mere, pere, struguri,
tomate, gru, orez, orz, secar
5,00
Afine, cpune, citrice 7,00
Asparagus, caise, ciree, kiwi,
msline, mcee, mure, nectarine,
nuci, lpuci, prune, piersici, sorg,
zmeur
10,00
Tre gru neprelucrate 20,00
Furaje (lucern, porumb, sorg,
mazre)
100,00
LIMITE MAXIME ADMISE LA CARBARIL
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=
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depozitare
seminte
fructe
plante
verzi plante
r ciupercilo Substante
PARAZITE COMBATEREA
: Definitie
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mici ditiocarba C.
ci clorfenoli C.
osi organostan C.
urici organomerc C.
org S.
Hg
Cu
S
compusi anorg S.
E CLASIFICAR
Cl
OH
Pentaclorfenolul
(PCP)
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
REPREZENTANTI
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+

E INTOX.GRAV
tate Liposoluli
toxic.
mica e Stabilitat
GENERALE ICI CARACTERIT
NATA TRANSCUTA absorbtie
HOH lumina, ,
0
ATP) FO( decuplarea
mia Toxicodina
= =

mice ditiocarba bis Etilen

ocarbamice Alchilditi
e Clasificar
Ex: ZIRAM (Zn)
S
N C
Me
+
1
2
CH R
R
S
1
R
2
R
Me
+
CH
H
3
Na
3
CH
3
CH
3
CH
3
Na
Structura alchilditiocarbamatilor
Zn
NH
+2
CH
Zn
Mn
CH
NH
C
S
S
S
S
Structura etilen-bis-ditiocarbamatilor
Me
+2
Me
Na
C
Ex: ZINAB (Zn)
MANEB (Mn)

TEGUMENTE
RINICHI
FICAT
FIGURATE ELEMENTE
Toxicitate
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= =

+ +
Mn]) [Zn, Me [Na]; (Me
ME METALOENZI inhibarea
MIA TOXICODINA
2

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chimica sinteza S.de
Stricnina
Veratrina
organice S.
Tl B, As,
Al Zn, P,
derivati : minerale S.
(origine) E CLASIFICAR

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Na de tat 3)Fluorace
Nidan
Pival
indandiona 1,3
Cumaclor
Warfarina
arina hidroxicum 4
sinteza de ulante 2)Anticoag
ANTU
IT CLORPROMUR
PROMURIT
tiouree de 1)Derivati
chimic) amic, (toxicodin E CLASIFICAR
S
C
NH
2
NH
ANTU
(Alfa-naftiltiouree)

=
lumina
aer
MICA : E STABILITAT
solb.HOH greu F. : S
M G,
cenusie : C
pulbere : SA
CIGENERALE TI CARACTERIS
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=

|

=
avantaj puternic Emetic
axfisie prin moarte pulmonar edem
pulm. r capilarelo tatii permeabili
i tirozinaze Inhibarea
T
VIT.C metabolism
IA OXICODINAM

=
=
otravite animale
momeli
contact
e individual gosp. din animale
companie de animale
Pericol
scazuta OM pt Toxicitate
MICA aliment pt. ecotox. ia Semnificat
O
CUMARINA
O
ifoi) taurine(tr - Canada 1925 1920
CUMARINIC" SINDROMUL

"

(vinarita)
(sulfina)
rosu) (trifoi
odorata Asperula
s officinali Mellilotus
pratense Trifolium
Plante
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HEMORAGII A PROTROMBIN
sinteza : K Vit. lit Antimetabo
BLOCARE
MIE TOXICODINA
RATICID
E CORONARIEN BOLI
TARE TROMBOCI I BOL
DICUMAROL chimica sinteza 1930
TERAPIA

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rar
gastrice
cerebrale
echimoze
epistaxis
hemoragice tulb.
digestive tulb.
ACUTA(om) A INTOXICATI
FCH
COONa
2
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M are nu
G are nu
buna Eficienta
% 0,3 0,2 Solutie
C E ICIGENERAL ARACTERIST
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+
+
+
2
2
BLOCAREA
OXALACETAT
Mg
Ca
ORGS SPOLIEREA CITRIC AC. de exces
IC FLUOROCITR ACID Krebs Ciclul
MIA TOXICODINA
N
O
O
N
STRICNINA
e Loganiacea
ignatii Strychnos
vomica nux Strychnos
fam.
seminte din extras indolic Alcaloid
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cloroform
benzen
alcool
Solb.
insolb.HOH
S
60000) : 1 abil AMAR(decel f. : G
na S.cristali : SA
GENERALE TICI CARACTERIS
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(

(
(
(

siropuri
granule
0,125) (0,105 ra t
derivati
brucina
stricina
A.T. % 16 pulbere
4mg/24ore 1 D
siropuri
granule
. sol.inject
ra t
general) (stimulent
Raticid
Medicina
SURSE

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CUMULATIV toxic
LENTA
digest. sucuri lapte,
saliva bila,
) renala(20%
: Eliminare
oxidativa : re Metaboliza
rapida : Absorbtie
TICA TOXICOCINE

+
cordului ai autonomi c.motori
medulari centrilor
bulbari centrilor
excitare
NESTERAZA ACETILCOLI
MIA TOXICODINA

=
)
`

apnee moartea
arcuit corp
a privirefix midriaza,
accelerat puls la, superficia respiratie
convulsii
ilor extremitat tremorul
gatului
fetei
muschilor a rigiditate sardonic" ras
ACUTA A INTOXICATI
"

2
7 4 2
4
3
NaBO
O B Na
CuSO
) OCl CLORATI(Na
anorganice Subst. 1.
E CLASIFICAR

PARAQUAT
DIQUAT
ci dipiridili d)Derivati
PROPAZIN ATRAZIN,
SIMAZIN
triazine si c)Diazine
FENURON
DIURON MONURON,
uree de b)Derivati
AGROXON
N TRICLORODO DICLORDON,
clorurati cizi a)Ariloxia
2. organice Subst.
Diclordon (2,4 D)
(acid 2,4-diclorfenoxiacetic)
CH
COOH
O
2
Cl
Cl
REPREZENTANTI
Triclordon (2,4,5 T)
(acid 2,4,5-triclorfenoxiacetic)
CH
COOH
O
Cl
Cl
Cl
DIOXINA=impuritate
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fetala resorbtie
fetala moarte
Agroxon (MCPA)
(acid 2-metil-4-clorfenoxiacetic)
CH
COOH
O
2
CH
Cl
3

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RINICHI
FICAT
MIOCARD
SNC
GLUCIDIC METABOLISM in implicare : actine de Mec.
izate) (nemetabol urina : Eliminare
RAPIDA
ata transcutan
digestiva
: Absorbtie
AFECTARE
mie toxicodina tica Toxicocine
Erbicid Specie DL
DICLORDON Cine 100 mg/Kg
corp
Pui de gin 366-820
mg/Kg
corp
Om (adult 70
Kg)
6 g
DOZA LETALA A ACIDULUI 2,4 DICLORFENOXIACETIC
MONURON
3-(p-clorfenil)-1,1-dimetiltiouree
CH
O
Cl
HN
N
3
CH
C
3
REPREZENTANTI
DIURON
3-(3,4-diclorfenil)-1,1-dimetiltiouree
CH
O
Cl
HN
N
3
CH
C
3
Cl
FENURON
3-fenil-1,1-dimetiltiouree
CH
O
HN
N
3
CH
C
3

om
pasari
ovine
TAURINE
afectate Specii

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corticala depresie
dispnee
prostratie ataxie,
timpanism
diaree anorexie,
mamifere
pasari
comuna : A INTOXICATI
Cl
R HN NHR
N
1
2
N
N
R
1
2
C H
R
2
5
C H
2
5
C H
2
5
CH(CH )
3
2
CH(CH )
3
2
CH(CH )
3
2
SIMAZIN
ATRAZIN
PROAZIN

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+ =
Propazin
Atrazin
Simazin
scazuta relativ toxicitate
lung) termen pe efectul (? sol in e persistent
le liposolubi
generale tici Caracteris
SPECIA DOZA
LETAL
oarece 1750 mg/Kg
corp
obolan 3000 mg/Kg
corp
N N
+
H C CH
3
2CH SO
4
-
+
3
3
.
PARAQUAT
(Metilsulfat de 1,1',4,4' dipiridiniu)
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PARAQUAT
DIQUAT
NTI REPREZENTA
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=
speci e
doza
vari abi l a a Toxi ci t at e
generale tici Caracteris
{

=
depresie dispnee,
icter voma,
canine Porcine,
benigne bucale leziuni Cabaline
coma decubit,
ataxie anorexie,
Bovine
IE RESPIRATOR INSUF. Moartea
iva proliferat a bronhiolit
iva proliferat alveolita
digestive corozive leziuni
OM
A INTOXICATI
salveaza
DERIVAT
DIPIRIDILIC
SPECI
A
DOZA LETAL
[mg/Kg corp]
DIQUAT Cine 100-200
Psri 200-400
Bovine 30
PARAQUAT Psri 200
Ovine 100
Porcine 75
Bovine 50
DOZE LETALE
TOXICODINAMIA
N N
+
+
Metilsulfat de 1,1',4,4' dipiridiniu
e
-
O
2
O
2
-
.
N N
+ .
Radical liber de dipiridiniu