GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF STATISTICAL DATA

CHARTS AND DIAGRAMS

TYPES OF GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATIONS

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3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

BAR CHARTS PIE CHARTS FREQUENCY POLYGON AND HISTOGRAMS DOT PLOTS BOX PLOTS SCATTER DIAGRAM TREE DIAGRAM

BAR CHARTS
A graph in which the classes are reported on the horizontal axis and the class frequencies on the vertical axis. The class frequencies are proportional to the heights of the bar.
TYPES OF BAR CHARTS : 1. SIMPLE BAR CHART 2. MULTIPLE BAR CHART 3. COMPONENT BAR CHART

SIMPLE BAR CHART

A normal bar chart (or just a bar chart)is called simple bar chart. For example the simple bar chart between the months of the year 2009 and the high temperatures in this year will be:

MULTIPLE BAR CHARTS

It is a bar chart used to compare two similar fields graphically. For example a bar chart depicting the percentage of women in the workforce in 1960 and 1996 will be:

COMPONENT BAR CHART

It is a type of bar chart in which two or more than two fields are added in a single bar to compare more data in a single bar chart. For example the component bar chart for the points scored by the teams A , B, and C will be :

PIE CHARTS
A chart that shows the proportion or percent that each class represents of the total number of frequencies. For example a pie chart that represents the types of multimedia used now-a-days will be:

FREQUENCY POLYGON AND HISTO GRAMS

Frequency polygon:
Frequency polygons are a graphical device for understanding the shapes of distributions, but are especially helpful in comparing sets of data. Frequency polygons are also a good choice for displaying cumulative frequency distributions.

Histogram:
A histogram is a graphical method for displaying the shape of a distribution. It is particularly useful when there are a large number of observations. It is represented by joining all bars of a simple bar chart.

DOT PLOTS
A dot plot is a statistical chart consisting of group of data points plotted on a simple scale. Dot plots are used for continuous, quantitative data. Data points may be labeled if there are few of them. The dot-plot for the energy use in USA in 2005 will be:

BOX PLOTS
In descriptive statistics, a box plot or box-plot (also known as a box-andwhisker diagram or plot) is a convenient way of graphically depicting groups of numerical data through their five-number summaries: the smallest observation (sample minimum), lower quartile (Q1), median (Q2), upper quartile (Q3), and largest observation (sample maximum). A box-plot may also indicate which observations, if any, might be considered outliers.

SCATTER DIAGRAM
A scatter plot is a type of mathematical diagram using Cartesian coordinates to display values for two variables for a set of data .The data is displayed as a collection of points, each having the value of one variable determining the position on the horizontal axis and the value of the other variable determining the position on the vertical axis .It is very easy to understand the nature of the given data using dot-plot:

TREE DIAGRAM
Tree diagram is a graphic tool which systematically breaks down, and then maps out in increasing detail, all components or elements of a condition, phenomenon, process, or situation, at successive levels or stages .For example the tree diagram for the probability of possible results of tossing a coin three times would be:

PREPARED BY
M.AATIF ISHTIAQ ROLL NO. 119 BSCS 2010