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L = Light
A S E R
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Flame Resistant Materials - Class 4 beams Eyewear is characterized by Optical Density Example: OD of 6 represents a reduction of the incident radiation by a factor of 1 million. Eyewear must be marked with OD & Wavelength for proper selection.
PPE (cont.)
Eyewear should be used as directed Stored Properly Inspected for pitting, crazing, or solarization of the lenses Goggle straps or spectacle sideshields
Question
A medium power laser ( 1 to 500 mW) is an example of which laser class?
I II III IV
Question
Generally speaking, lasing action has been obtained in:
A) Gases B) Crystalline materials C) Semiconductors D) All of the above
Question
Given the emergent beam radiation exposure and MPE of a laser, the formula for calculating the minimum optical density of protective eye wear is
OD = Log10 (ML/EL)
Question
The biological effects of exposure to a laser are dependent on: A) How the beam is viewed B) Beam characteristics C) Wavelength of Laser Light D) All of the above
Question
The portion of the body most susceptible to laser damage?
Question
The principle organ(s) at risk from lasers are:
A) Skin B) Eye C) Bone D) A & B
Question
The reason that CO2 lasers present different hazards than YAG lasers is that: A) The beam is more intense B) The beam is invisible C) The laser is more powerful D) The power consumption is very high
Retinal
Hazard Region
Laser Classifications
Class 1 Class 2a Class 2 Class 3a Class 3b Class 4
Class 1
Denotes lasers or laser systems that do not, under normal operating conditions, pose a hazard.
Class 2a
Denotes low-power visible lasers or laser systems that are not intended for prolonged viewing, and under normal operating conditions will not produce a hazard if the beam is viewed directly for periods not exceeding 1000 seconds.
Class 2
Denotes low-power visible lasers or laser systems which, because of the normal human aversion response (i.e. blinking, eye movement, etc.) do not normally present a hazard, but may present some potential for hazard if viewed directly for extended periods of time (like many conventional light sources).
Class 3a
Denotes some lasers or laser systems having a CAUTION label that normally would not injure the eye if viewed for only momentary periods (within the aversion response period) with the unaided eye, but may present a greater hazard if viewed using collecting optics. Another group of Class 3a lasers have DANGER labels and are
Class 3a (cont.)
capable of exceeding permissible exposure levels for the eye in 0.25s and still pose a low risk of injury.
Class 3b
Denotes lasers or laser systems that can produce a hazard if viewed directly. This includes intrabeam viewing of specular reflections. Normally, Class 3b lasers will not produce a hazardous diffuse response.
Class 4
Denotes lasers or laser systems that produce a hazard not only from direct or specular reflections, but may produce hazardous diffuse reflections. Such lasers may produce significant skin hazards as well as fire hazards.
Electrical Hazards
To date, more than a dozen electrocutions of individuals from laser-related accidents have been reported. In 1986, a graduate student working with a CO2 laser was wiping condensate from the laser tube when he received a 17 kV electrical shock. He suffered cardiac arrest and 2nd. degree burns.
Electrical Hazard
In 1988, a laser repair technician was fatally electrocuted while working alone on a CO2 laser. He had reportedly defeated the interlock system.