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Rising Power of the

Romans
Differences from Roman
and Greek Sculptures

Greek Roman
Characteristics Characteristics

Idealistic portraits Realistic portraits


Public monuments Private statues
The Pantheon. Rome, Italy 118-125 A.D.
A keystone is the architectural piece at the crown of a vault or arch
which marks its apex, locking the other pieces into position.

This makes a keystone very important structurally. In an arch, the


keystone is usually larger than the voussoirs that make up the arch
and may serve primarily an aesthetic purpose.
Colosseum, Rome, Italy A.D. 72-80
Art of the Asia's
Growing societies India,
China, and Japan
Due to conflicts between these two societies,
many of practices were exchanged between the
two civilizations.

A belief system that was not founded necessarily


on the teachings of one person, but the
2500-1500 B.C.
recognition of many gods and goddess blended
Harappan civilization
together into what eventually is the national
1776 B.C.
Shang Dynasty
religion of India: Hinduism
Rise of the Hindu Religion
Hindu believe revolves around a blend of several different beliefs
and practices.

Hinduism involves the worship of three primary process in life.


Creation: Preservation: Destruction:
Brahma, the Vishnu, the Preserver Shiva, the Destroyer
Creator

The Four Hands - The four arms represent the four * He is to be depicted as a four-armed male-form: The four * Third Eye: Shiva is often depicted with a third eye with
directions north, east, west and south. They describe the arms indicate his all-powerful and all-pervasive nature. The which he burned Desire (Kāma) to ashes.[67] There has
mind (back right hand), intellect (back left hand), ego (front physical existence of Vishnu is represented by the two arms in been controversy regarding the original meaning of
right hand), and the self confidence (front left hand). the front while the two arms at the back represent his presence Shiva's name Tryambakam (Sanskrit: तयमबकम्), which
in the spiritual world. The Upanishad titled Gopal Uttartapani occurs in many scriptural sources.[68] In classical
The Rosary - Symbolizes the substances used in the describes the four arms of Vishnu. Sanskrit the word ambaka denotes "an eye", and in the
progress of creation. * The color of his skin has to be new-cloud-like-blue: The Mahabharata Shiva is depicted as three-eyed, so this
blue color indicates his all-pervasive nature, blue being the name is sometimes translated as "Having Three
The Book - Symbolizing knowledge color of the infinite space as well as the infinite ocean on which Eyes".[69] However, in Vedic Sanskrit the word ambā or
he resides. ambikā means "mother", and this early meaning of the
The Gold - Symbolizes activity in the universe and the * He has the mark of sage Bhrigu's feet on his chest.[citation word is the basis for the translation "Having Three
golden face of Brahma indicates that the Lord is active needed] Mothers" that was used by Max Müller and Arthur
when involved in the process of creation. * Also on his chest is the srivatsa mark, symbolising his Macdonell.[70][71] Since no story is known in which
consort Lakshmi. It is on the chest of Vishnu, where Lakshmi Shiva had three mothers, E. Washburn Hopkins
The Swan - The Swan symbolizes the power of resides. suggested that the name refers not to three mothers, but
discrimination. Brahma uses the swan as a vehicle. * Around his neck, he wears the auspicious "Kaustubha" to three Mother-goddesses who are collectively called
jewel, and a garland of flowers (vanamaalaa). It is in this jewel, the Ambikās.[72] Other related translations have been
The Crown - The crown on the head implies that the on Vishnu's chest that Lakshmi dwells. "having three wives or sisters", or based on the idea that
Brahma has supreme authority. * A crown should adorn his head: The crown symbolizes his the name actually refers to the oblations given to Rudra,
supreme authority. which according to some traditions were shared with the
The Lotus - Lotus symbolizes the nature and living essence * He is to shown wearing two earrings: The earrings goddess Ambikā.[73]
of all things and beings in the universe. represent inherent opposites in creation — knowledge and
ignorance; happiness and unhappiness; pleasure and pain. * Blue Throat: The epithet Nīlakaṇtha (Sanskrit
The Beard - The black or white beard denotes wisdom and * He rests on Ananta: the immortal and infinite snake नीलकणठ; nīla = blue, kaṇtha = throat)[74][75] refers to a
a longer beard denotes eternal process. story in which Shiva drank the poison churned up from
the world ocean.[76][77] (see: Halāhala). The Hari
The Four Faces - The four Vedas (Rig, Yajor, Athara, and Vanśa Purana, on the other hand, attributes the colour
Sama) of Shiva's throat to an episode in which Vishnu compels
Shiva to fly, after taking him by the throat and nearly
strangling him.[78]
So who is Buddha?
Buddhism was an earlier
belief system (300 B.C.) that
was built around prince,
Siddhartha Gautama.

His love for all creatures


earned him the the name
“Buddha” meaning “the
Enlightened One.”
Characteristics of the
Buddha
Hand gestures
Usually seated usually
in the "heroic
in meditation
posture”,
(the handswith
arethe
shown
legs lying
foldedflatover
in
eachBuddha's
the other. lap, palms upward or
the thumb and index finger of the
Always
right hand
depicted
stand for
wearing
wisdom a and
monasticcombined.
method robe, of the type worn by
Buddhist monks today. The robe
may other
The be shown
threeasraised
wornfingers
in the
"covering mode"
symbolize the teaching
(draped ofover
the both
shoulders)doctrine.
Buddhist or in the "open mode"
(leaving the right shoulder and
breast uncovered). The robe is a
representation of the Buddha's
humility.
AVATAR vs SYMBOL

Avatar: is an “object” representing the embodiment of


the person. The term "avatar" can also refer to the
personality connected with a screen name, or handle, of
an Internet user

Symbol: an object, picture, written word, sound, or


particular mark that represents something else by
association, resemblance, or convention.
SYMBOL

AVATAR

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