Sand Control Using a Combination of Chemicals (Resin) for Gas Reservoir in Unconsolidated Formation

Gema Wahyudi Purnama

The Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering Bandung Institute of Technology 2010

Outline

Introduction

Sanding Concept
Methodology Results & Discussions Conclusions

Introduction

Mechanics sand control tackle sand production

Sand Control (Mechanics)

Problems
What should we do?

Unconsolidated Formation Gas Reservoir

Problems

Production decrease Broken down-hole & platforms equipment

Expensive treatment for sand production

Maintenance continue (mechanics)

Sand Production

We Should

Produce gas without sand

How?

Sanding

Sanding Illustration

Sanding Concept

Formation damage
(Drilling, Completion, Stimulation)

Overburden Pressure Drop

(Pore Pressure Reduction) Pi Solving Pwf

*Pi *Pwf

Sand Consolidation
(Resin)
: Initial Pressure : Flow Well Pressure

Pressure Drop
Formation Damage
The Illustration of Well Production

Sanding Concept
Compressive Stress Sand Consolidation Test
Stress

Strain

Brittle (Sand Production)

Core Sample

Methodology
+ acid

+ H20
Resin

Furfuryl alcohol

Furan Resin Reaction

O R H H
NH NH 2 NH 2

H
NH

H H

H N R

R OH

Epoxy

Epoxy Resin

Hardener

Epoxy Resin Reaction

Furan + Epoxy (Resin)

+
60% of Concentration

H R

H N R

New Resin Combination

Advantages

OH H
40% of Concentration

Excellent acid and alkali resistance Low viscosity High penetration Quicker curing speed High resistance to humidity

Compressive Stress Equipment (CSE)

Temperature < 300C Vertical Pressure (Overburden) < 5000 psi

Horizontal Pressure < 3000 psi

KCL / N2

CSE Design

Flow Chart
Core samples

Furan plus Epoxy

Sand Consolidation (Core Injected by Resin )

Compressive Stress Test Using CSE

Gas Production Without Sand

Results & Discussions

No Core Sample Mesh Initial Fluid Cementatio Size (d : k Initial n (%) L) kI (mD) 15 10 5 15 10 5 15
No

k After Core Initial Cementatio Size (d : k Initial kI kI / k AC Mesh Consolidation Sample Fluid n (%) L) (mD) (%) k AC(mD) 15
10 5 15 10 5 15 10

1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

CS 1B
CS 2B CS 3B CS 4B CS 5B CS 6B CS 7B CS 8B CS 9B 80 100

KCL 3%
KCL 3% KCL 3% KCL 3% KCL 3% KCL 3% KCL 3%

1" : 2"
1" : 2" 1" : 2" 1" : 2" 1" : 2" 1" : 2" 1" : 2" 1" : 2" 1" : 2"

245
319 423 210 229 348 201 213 278

1 2 3 4 5 6

CS 1A CS 2A CS 3A CS 4A CS 5A CS 6A 80 100

KCL 3% KCL 3% KCL 3% KCL 3% KCL 3% KCL 3% KCL 3% 60

1" : 2" 1" : 2" 1" : 2" 1" : 2" 1" : 2" 1" : 2" 1" : 2"

247 322 417 205 220 350

168 222 313 133 156 270

68 69 75 65 71 77

7 CS 7A
8 CS 8A

193
201

118
147

61
73

60

KCL 3% KCL 3%

10
5

KCL 3%
KCL 3%

1" : 2"
1" : 2"

9 CS 9A

268

212

79

Core Synthetic B

Core Synthetic A

Results & Discussions

No

Core A

Core B
1 2 3

k After Core Initial Cementatio Size (d : k Initial kI kI / k AC Mesh Consolidation Sample Fluid n (%) L) (mD) (%) k AC(mD) 15
10 5 15 10 5 15 10

CS 1A CS 2A CS 3A CS 4A CS 5A CS 6A 80 100

KCL 3% KCL 3% KCL 3% KCL 3% KCL 3% KCL 3% KCL 3% 60

1" : 2" 1" : 2" 1" : 2" 1" : 2" 1" : 2" 1" : 2" 1" : 2"

247 322 417 205 220 350

168 222 313 133 156 270

68 69 75 65 71 77

4 5 6

7 CS 7A
Core Sample

193
201

118
147

61
73

CS 8A

KCL 3%
KCL 3%

1" : 2"
1" : 2"

Permeability Decrease

9 CS 9A

268

212

79

Core Synthetic A

Results & Discussions

Mesh 80
Cementation 15% + Resin (Core A)

Cementation 15% without Resin (Core B)

Brittle
Stress

Cementation 5% + Resin (Core A)

Cementation 5% without Resin (Core B)

Strain

Results & Discussions

Mesh 100

Cementation 15% + Resin (Core A)

Cementation 15% without Resin (Core B)

Brittle

Stress

Cementation 5% + Resin (Core A)

Cementation 5% without Resin (Core B)

Strain

Conclusions

The combination of epoxy and furan is new method to sand consolidation

Sand consolidation are increasing production without sand in unconsolidated gas reservoir
UCS (high pressure and high temperature) has developed to bring reservoir condition in the lab

Thank You

Furan Resin
+

acid*

H20

Furfuryl

alcohol

There will be water as by product in the polymerizat It can be tackled by reacting the water with ester (b

*Sulphuric *

acid
O HO S O OH

Butyl acetate
H3C

O O H3C

Furan Resin (contd)

H3C

H3C
O H H

H3C

O O H3C

+
OH

O HO

water

Butyl

acetate

Butanol
Boiling

Acetic
Boiling

acid

point 117.2oC

point

118oC

Epoxy Resin

Epoxy resin is a copolymer that consist of the resin and hardener Resin is made by reacting the bisphenol A and epichlorohydrin The hardener that usually used to make the epoxy resin is the chemical component that have amine function group.

NH 2 NH

NH NH 2

hardener

Epoxy resin (contd)

Reaction between the resin and hardener R + OH H

O

NH 2

H N R

NH

NH

Epoxy Hardener

NH 2

Epoxy Resin

Advantages of using Furan: Epoxy Resin

Excellent acid and alkali resistance Low viscosity High penetration Quicker curing speed High resistance to kelembapan