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Shekhar Gupta Manager Network Planning Ops Century Link December 8th, 2009
Generation
10,000 Power Plants
Transmission Distribution
157,000 miles of high voltage transmission lines Substations step down voltages and distribute to hundreds of thousands of miles of lower voltage lines.
Customer
Customers electric systems
Todays Grid
Over 3100 Electric Utilities
Generation of power is mostly centralized and large scale. Electricity travels the path of least resistance hence it is not easy to control its path through the network. Customers do not choose their source of electricity as service provision is territorially based Energy prices are mandated with little consumer choice
Public Utilities
Electric Cooperatives
1. Luxs Research, Alternative Power and Energy Storage State of the Market Q4 2008: Weaving the $65 Billion Power Web,
Near real time usage status delivered in regular intervals; on-demand response Service integration with billing systems New products and services such as time-based rates, pre-payment, etc Eliminate mechanical meter billing loss Improve response to power outage / restoration
Expense Impacting
Integrate utility network management systems Manage peak load; reduce peak rate better control localized generation Reduce meter reader costs Reduce service disconnects / reconnect costs Reduce outage support calls Improve technician dispatch accuracy
prices are expected to increase to help manage demand Grid cannot easily integrate alternative power generation and storage
Environment Economic: prolonged recession, business & consumer managing spend Social: green movement, carbon footprint, hybrid/electric vehicles,
recycling, etc. Market: dynamic, emerging marketplace, new players in energy sector (eg, wireless, Google, Cisco, start-ups) Political/Regulatory: energy is top priority for current administration; mandates for electric utilities; job creation
Building a smart grid is a priority with many stakeholders Rural America may have different Smart Grid challenges
Domain
Generation
Generation
Step-Up Sub-station
Transmission
Step-Down Sub-station
Transformer
Distribution
Customer
Customer
The SMART GRID is a network architecture, protocol & a framework for development
Re-engineering Power distribution and control It integrates communication technologies with the electric grid, allowing for real-time, twoway communication between the utility, the consumer, and throughout the distribution grid Its an organizing framework for broad and disperse development activities aimed at modernizing the grid It energizes a competitive marketplace for electricity Its a fully automated power network Smart Grid will revolutionize the transmission, generation and storage of energy
Its the widely accepted Framework for Modernizing Todays Power Grid
Consumers actively participate and bring value Increases choice in energy / Redefines demand response Encourages new entrants and new devices Energy prices will be fluid, responding to load, time of day, source, etc. Customers will be able to choose the source(s) of their energy Sensing and measurement grid improve load balancing characteristics Minimal transmission congestion Minimizes user impact from problems
Efficient
Self-healing
Regulatory
PUC, Federal
Distribution Automation
S&C Electric, Cooper, Cleveland Price
Demand Response
Comverge, EnerNOC, Cannon, Carrier, Honeywell, Golden Power, Corporate Engineering Systems
HAN, Gateway
Aztech, Blue Line, Riga, Centimeter
Consultants
KEMA, Enspiria, Michael Weibe, Enernex
Regional, state, Municipalities and local government agencies Electrical and gas utilities Industry Players: Electrical equipment and IT manufacturers & System developers Consumers Research laboratories & universities International agencies and trading partners (particularly Canada & Mexico) Public interest organizations, environmental groups, and labor unions Investors
External
Portal
Enterprise
Metering System
IEC 61970 IEC 61968 Web Services Multispeak Message Buses SONET, WDM, ATM MPLS Frame Relay Satellite Microwave IEC 61850 DNP3 WiMAX BPL / PLC Wireless Mesh ADSL Cellular Cable (DOCSIS) ZigBee WiFi LonWorks BACnet HomePlug OpenHAN
WAN
Collector
Field LAN
Meter / Gateway
Normal NOR Critical PEND MAL Emergency Program ACTI RID ING Emergency Peak Event OV Stage 1 VE Stage 2 ER E
Relays Modems Bridges Access Points Insertion Points Thermostats In-Home Displays Smart Appliances Field Tools PCs Building Automation
HAN
Source: Enerex 2009
Stat us
Progr AW am: AY
Data
Smart meter
Utility Communications
Advanced Meter Infrastructure (AMI) is the main Utility application Local energy management enables end-user participation in smart grid
Control Interface
Data Management
Incremental investments
Communications bandwidth Business development capital
Expected Value
Smart Meter
Smart Meter Features & Benefits Automated Meter Reading Saves labor Real-Time Consumption Modifies user behavior Demand Response Manage peak demand Smart Meters usually involve a different technology mix, such as real-time or near real-time sensors, power outage notification, and power quality monitoring. The system provides a wide range of advanced features, including the ability to remotely turn power on or off to a customer, read usage information from a meter, detect a service outage, detect the unauthorized use of electricity, change the maximum amount of electricity that a customer can demand at any time; and remotely change the meters billing plan from credit to prepay as well as from flat-rate to multi-tariff. These meters are fully electronic and smart, with integrated bi-directional communications, advanced power measurement and management capabilities, an integrated, software-controllable disconnect switch, and an all solid-state design.
Communication Network
Telecom empowers the smart grid via networks, devices and services
Smart Grid Comm. Network
flexible communications architecture, fiber, copper, wireless technologies, Transport, BPL Devices integrated with broadband
Smart Devices
Sensors, Smart Controls, Home energy hub, routers, switching, interfaces, appliances, etc.
In Oct 2008 expanded its integrated network services to provide telecommunications infrastructure services for electric utilities. Zigbee (wireless platform for home sensing & monitoring) joined HomePlug (connectivity over residential electric wiring) to create open platform and protocols for Smart Grid
IBM
Xcel Energy (XEL) Many Startups
Signed $9.6M contract to bring Broadband over powerline (BPL) for rural electric cooperatives and their customers.
building a $100 million Smart Grid City in Boulder, Colo.
Comvere COM) EnerNoc (ENOC) Echelon (ELON) : Making devices and systems that let consumer monitor and adjust their electricity use in real time Tendril - Smart meter with open platform for other devices in-home display shows electricity usage GridPoint Inc., intelligent hub connects location to a renewable energy source, utility grid, and online energy management tools.
Obama Administration
Congress is betting a $4.5 - $11 billion slice of its economic stimulus package on the development of the smart grid. President Obama is calling for another 40 million smart meters installed using funds from the stimulus program
Time Horizon: DOE Roadmap for Modernizing Americas Electric Delivery System
Time Horizon
Large scale smart grid integrated solutions will be partially underway in places such as Texas within five years. It will be obvious to everyone within a decade. It will be mainstream within two decades. The winners will be those who start planning today for that brave new world. Those who understand that to prosper in that world, you will need new, smarter business models.* Why Now? The Stimulus bill and other factors are bringing key conversations to a head.
Telecom Industry shouldnt want standards laid down by others before adding its voice; Telecoms should seek to be courted as partners and avoid being locked out of value; Pivotal choices will be made for the Smart Grid in 2009 and Telecoms need to claim a place at the table.
Roadmap Partners *
* Department of Energy
Energy Provider A
User Interface
Controls
A Specific Example for Service provider to consider - Smart Grids Communication Portal
A Communications portal could sit between consumers home network and the wide area network. The portal could enable two-way, secure, and managed communications between consumers equipment and energy providers equipment. Performing the work closely related to routers and gateways, the portal could add management features (e.g., expanded choice, real-time pricing, detailed billing, consumption information, and distributed computing) to enable fully networked applications. A user interface available both at home & remotely places control and management of home energy devices as well as distributed energy resources at the end users disposal.
Any device on network can be triggered and any device can take action based on a trigger & can also send status. Applications
Automatic Meter Reading and Energy Management - Smart Meter, Thermostat, Circuit Breaker, HVAC, Water heater, power measurement, data collecting, load controller, smart switches, etc. Demand Response and Demand Management Home Appliances Automation, remote command and control. Actuators Ceiling fan, shade and drape control, audio source control, audio volume control, gate controller, door position monitor and controller, & solenoid controllers, etc. Monitoring Security and Safety including remote access and control via the internet. Street light control; Industrial Automation; Sensors and Life Safety Devices Smoke detector, motion detector, water, heat, health monitoring, etc; Various indoors controllers Lighting control, switches, and dimmers, door and windows lock, etc.
ZigBee
San Ramon, Calif. - August 25, 2008 Today utilities led by American Electric Power, Consumers Energy, Pacific Gas and Electric Company, Reliant Energy, Sempra, and Southern California Edison are working with the ZigBee Alliance and the HomePlug Powerline Alliance to develop a common application layer integrated solution for advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) and home area networks (HAN). Using the robust capabilities of the ZigBee Smart Energy public application profile as a baseline, the three groups will expand the application layer and enable it to run on HomePlug technology, providing utilities with both wireless and wired HAN industry standards to select from when implementing new AMI programs.
Basic
Other automated/ programmable appliances Electric vehicle charging / storage Distributed generation and storage
~5% in EQ territory
= ~13.1 million meters Assume $1-2 / month / meter = ~$157 - $314 million / year
5% HH penetration
Assume $10/month/HH
= ~$42 million / year