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TRUMPF Inc.
A World Leader In Laser Technology
Types of Light
Laser Beam
Focused Power
1cm focal length
Measurement
0.013cm diameter
Excitation Method
Gain Medium
Optical Resonator
CO2
N2
N2 He
N2 CO2
He
Molecules at rest
Gas mix ratio
He (18)
N2 (6)
CO2 (1.5)
(TAI 11/11/98 - Laser-Fundamentals-V1.ppt - 23/AS)
Laser Cutting Fundamentals
Initial Lasing
N2
CO2
Electrode
Uniform Discharge
O-ring Electrode O-ring
Seal Seal
Gas In RF-excitation Gas Out
Anode Cathode
Discharge
O-ring O-ring
Seals Gas In Gas Out Seals
DC-excitation
(TAI 11/11/98 - Laser-Fundamentals-V1.ppt - 23/AS)
Laser Cutting Fundamentals
Mode stability
Consistent mode throughout the power range
Better efficiency
Uses less laser gas
Linear Square
Folded
Maximum power
output depends on
the resonator length!
Turbo Pump
Gas Cooler
Frame
Rear Mirror
Output Mirror
Assist Gas
Nozzle
(TAI 11/11/98 - Laser-Fundamentals-V1.ppt - 23/AS)
Laser Cutting Fundamentals
As the
Cutting Starts
Laser Cutting
Processing Parameters
Laser power
Cutting speed
Assist gas - type of gas, pressure
Focus - length, position
Nozzle - diameter, standoff
Pulsing - frequency, time delay
Piercing - time, power ramp, standoff
Material type
Thickness
Edge quality
Other process parameters
Mild Steel
Aluminum
Stainless
Aerospace Alloys
Coated Steels
Process Parameters
Cutting Gas
Type
O2 or N2 or shop air
Pressure
0 to 450psi
Nozzle
Hole size (more volume)
Flow design
Stand-off distance / length
Process Parameters
Focus / Lens
Spot diameter = 2D
Focal length = 2L
L
Spot diameter = D
Digital outputs
DIAS III-System
Digital inputs
220 V
Z-drive
Height Regulation
2
DIAS insures a constant standoff
between nozzle and material
1 3
Quick cutting head change
Fast and precision adjustment by
means of micrometer screws and dial
indicator SerienNr.
1
0001
reduced to a minimum
Nozzle cooled with compressed air
Maximum
Maximum Cutting Thickness(in(ininch)
Cutting Thickness inch)
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
aluminum
0.5
stainless
0.4
mild steel
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
TLF 1800 t TLF 2400 t TLF 3000 t TLF 3800 t
System Performance
Smooth accurate motion system
Interface and control
Reliability
Material Quality
Carbon steels
Rust and scale
Grease penciled or painted material
(TAI 11/11/98 - Laser-Fundamentals-V1.ppt - 23/AS)
Laser Cutting Fundamentals
Ø = 0.2 in.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Electrode
CO2 Discharge
Electrode
Electrical
Gas In Gas Out
Discharge
Nd:YAG
Light
(TAI 11/11/98 - Laser-Fundamentals-V1.ppt - 23/AS)
Laser Cutting Fundamentals
Resonator Designs
CO2
Nd:YAG
Operating Costs
3000 W - CO2 3000 W - Nd:YAG
Laser Gases Flash lamps
Process gas (welding) Ion Exchanger
Beam delivery purge / Protection glass
components
Maintenance /hour
Maintenance /hour
Electrical
Electrical
Total cost per hour $12
Total cost per hour $10
Applications - Cutting
CO2 Nd:YAG
Sharper edge Smooth cut edge
Fast cut speeds Cuts highly reflective
materials copper, silver,
Can cut up to 1 inch
gold
thick mild steel
Best in metals < 1.0mm
Best in metals > 4.0mm
Applications - Welding
CO2 Nd:YAG
Best in deep penetration Faster in thinner
welds materials (<1.0mm)
Good for mild and Absorption in Aluminum
Stainless Steel is 12% to 80%
Absorption in Aluminum is
5% to 62%
Can use longer focal
length lens
Future Developments
The gray area between CO2 and Nd:YAG will
increase as YAG’s increase in power
Flexible cable for lower power CO2 beam delivery