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Shallow Foundations Terzaghis Bearing Capacity

qult = c Nc + 0.5 B N + o Nq
or

qult = c Nc + 0.5 B N + D Nq
Shape (s), depth (d), inclination (i) and base inclination (b) factors may be applied to all of the Nc, N and Nq terms in the equations above.

MSc Civil Engineering - Dr. Paul H. McMahon

Special Case (for =0) qult = c Nc + 0.5 B N + D Nq


When = 0 from tables Nc = 5.14, N = 0 and Nq = 1 So, since o = D then the above equation simplifies to ..

qult = cu 5.14 + D
and with shape, base inclination and load inclination .

qult = 5.14 cu sc dc ic + D
MSc Civil Engineering - Dr. Paul H. McMahon

Foundation Example
A 1.7m square foundation (B=1.7m, L=1.7m) is to carry a permanent load of 270kN and variable load of 70kN. It is to be supported on a 0.5m thick concrete base at a depth of 1m below ground level. Weight density of concrete conc is 25kN/m3, of soil k is 18kN/m3 and of water k water is 10kN/m3. Also k = 20 = 5kPa and cu k = 30kPa
NOTE: k represents characteristic values.

ck

sc = 1 + 0.2 ( B / L ) = 1.2
MSc Civil Engineering - Dr. Paul H. McMahon

Foundation Loading
qd = k (h1 + h2) = 18 (0.5 + 0.5) = 18kPa
Concrete

Gpad, k = B L (h1 conc + h2 k) = 1.7 x 1.7 (0.5 x 25 + 0.5 x 18) = 62kN

h1 h2

So Total Load = 270 + 70 + 62 = 402kN

Allowable Bearing Pressure


qsafe or qall = 5.14 cu sc dc ic + D F
MSc Civil Engineering - Dr. Paul H. McMahon

qsafe = 5.14 x 30 x 1 x 1.2 x 1 + 18 x 1 3 = 80kPa Therefore allowable load is 80 x 1.7 x 1.7

= 230kN (which is NOT sufficient for the required


permanent and variable actions as the total that needs to be supported is 402kN)

MSc Civil Engineering - Dr. Paul H. McMahon

BS EN 1997 Terminology
For ACTIONS multiply by appropriate partial factor For STRENGTHS / RESISTANCES divide by appropriate DESIGN VALUE is CHARACTERISTIC VALUE divided by

eg. DESIGN RESISTANCE is CHARACTERISTIC RESISTANCE divided by

MSc Civil Engineering - Dr. Paul H. McMahon

BS EN 1997 ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE (ULS) METHOD DESIGN APPROACH 1 COMBINATION SET 1 (DA1 M1)

Check that Design Effects, Ed are less than Design Resistance, Rd (Effects include actions) Partial Factor for Permanent Actions (ie. on DEAD Loads) G = 1.35 (unfavourable condition) Partial Factor for Variable Actions (ie. on LIVE Loads) Q = 1.5 (unfavourable condition)

MSc Civil Engineering - Dr. Paul H. McMahon

Now Ed

= G ( Gk + Gpad, k) + Q Qk

= 1.35 (270 + 62) + 1.5 x 70 = 553kN


And Rd / A = ( + 2) cu, d bc sc ic + qd Now = 1.0, cu = 1.0, cu, d = cu k / cu = 30 / 1 = 30kPa So, Rd / A = 5.14 x 30 x 1 x 1.2 x 1 + 18 = 203kPa

Therefore Rd = 203 x 1.7 x 1.7 = 587kN


Check whether Effects less than Resistance Ed < Rd ?? 553kN < 587kN Therefore ULS OK

MSc Civil Engineering - Dr. Paul H. McMahon

BS EN 1997 ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE (ULS) METHOD DESIGN APPROACH 1 COMBINATION SET 2 (DA1 M2)
Partial Factor for Permanent Actions G = 1.0 (unfavourable condition) Partial Factor for Variable Actions Q = 1.3 (unfavourable condition) NOW: Check if Ed < Rd

As before Ed = G ( Gk + Gpad, k) + Q Qk

But now = 1.0 (270 + 62) + 1.3 x 70 = 423kN (Ed)


Again Rd / A = ( + 2) cu, d bc sc ic + qd
But now = 1.0, cu = 1.4, cu, d = cu k / cu = 30 / 1.4 = 21.4kPa So, Rd / A = 5.14 x 21.4 x 1 x 1.2 x 1 + 18 = 150kPa Therefore Rd = 150 x 1.7 x 1.7 = 434kN Now 423 < 434 so OK
MSc Civil Engineering - Dr. Paul H. McMahon

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