Chassis

A chassis consists of an internal framework that supports the body of the car consisting of the frame (on which the body is mounted) with the wheels and machinery. It provides rigidity to the car and without chassis the structure of the car is not possible. It is the basic requirement to design the structure of the car.

The frame - structural, load-carrying component that supports the car's engine and body, which are in turn supported by the suspension

The suspension system - setup that supports weight, absorbs and dampens shock and helps maintain tire contact

The steering system - mechanism that enables the driver to guide and direct the vehicle
The tires and wheels - components that make vehicle motion possible by way of grip and/or friction with the road

The chassis of the car should strong enough to provide rigidity and stability to the car. A good chassis should always fulfill these requirements:1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. The body should be light. It should have minimum number of components. It should provide sufficient space for passengers. It should withstand vibrations while in motion. It should offer minimum resistance to air. It should be cheap and easy in manufacturing. It should be attractive in shape and color. It should have uniformly distributed load. It should have long fatigue life

MONOCOQUE CHASSIS
It is a historic design of the chassis which includes body on frame. The frame should be heavy enough so as to provide rigidity and sufficient resistance to forces.
Monocoque is a one piece structure which defines the final shape of the car. Metal sheets are pressed with big stamping machines. These parts are welded (normally spot welding) or riveted together to conform the chassis. These chassis are fast to make. Tolerances are tiny. Nowadays 99% of the production cars use this type of chassis. They are heavy chassis because they use a lot of metal. However, they have really good impact strength. Normally steel is used, steel has 3 times the modulus of Aluminum but only 2 times the weight, and is cheaper and easier to weld.
Advantages: Space efficiency, because the chassis is the outer-shell of the car. Good for mass production. Cheap to produce if in mass production. Inherent crash protection. Disadvantages: Much, much heavier than other types of chassis. Low rigidity since the pressed metal is not as stiff as tubular tubes. Impossible to produce if not in mass production. Who uses it: Almost all mass production cars.

Space frame chassis

Uses several small tubes to create a 3D chassis. Tubes are placed in several directions to cope with the forces they need to withstand. Normally, these chassis are designed for a purpose. These tubes are welded together. To make the welding simpler square-section tubes are also used (however, circular tubes provide the maximum strength). They are normally used in sport applications. Optimizing the design makes hard to put openings (like doors).

Advantages: Very accurate. High stiffness. Great rigidity. You can select your materials depending on the purpose. Handmade. Tubes need to be cut, shaped, welded manually. Who uses it: Some competition cars. Some sporty road cars use space frame design in some parts of the chassis.

Tadpole and delta structure of car

A three-wheel car is, by design, basically a triangle shape. Depending on where the passengers sit, the location of the engine, and the placement of other critical mechanical components, this means the car either has two wheels up front and one in the rear or two wheels in the rear and one up front. The engine can drive the single rear wheel or the two rear wheels, and the steering can be done either way as well. delta
Having one wheel up front and two in the back is known as the delta configuration. The benefit to the delta setup is its inherent low cost. Most cars set up this way have the engine driving the rear wheels and leave steering to the front one. It's relatively easy (and inexpensive) to build a steering setup with only one wheel. tadpole The second type of three-wheeler setup is called the tadpole or reverse Tadpole designs are much more stable than the delta setup because the back wheel drives the vehicle while the two wheels up front are responsible for steering. There's also an aerodynamic benefit, since the vehicle is shaped almost like a teardrop .This allows air to flow easily over the vehicle's bodywork.