Digital Signal Processing

2008 Instructor: Prof. Peng Yu Tel 15904510911

Emailpony@163.com OfficeRoom 523, Bldg. 2A, Science Park

Automatic Test and Control Institute 53 School of electrical engineering and automation Harbin Institute of Technology

Three Questions about Digital Signal Processing

Q1: WHAT is DSP?

How to understand the concept of digital signal processing? What
is the relationship between other courses, signal and system, etc.

Q2: WHY is DSP?

WHY we need DSP? Its advantages and disadvantages?

Q3: HOW to DSP?

General procedure of DSP. How to implement DSP algorithm.

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Introduction
1 Basic Concepts about Signal
Definition
A Signal carries information and can be described as a function of independent variables in mathematics.

y t sin 2 500 t

I B x, y

y f t

Classification of Signal
Analog
Time Amplitude continuous continuous
ADC

VS

Digital
discrete discrete

In undergraduate course, we only consider time discretization problem.

In postgraduate course, amplitude quantization problem will be learned.

So, the signal is discrete-time signal in a strict manner.

Signal Processing
Representation, transformation and manipulation

of signals and the information they contain.

Signal operation include:
(1) Transform, filter, inspection, spectrum analysis;
(2) Modulation and coding; (3) Analog Signal Processing; (4) Digital Signal Processing.

Computer, Semiconduct and Information Science 1960s-1970s

MILITARY IMAGE PROCESSING INSTRUMENTATION & CONTROL Secure communication Pattern recognition Spectrum analysis Radar processing Robotic vision Consumer applications Position and rate control Sonar processing Image enhancement SPEECH digital, & AUDIO cellar mobile phones Noise reduction Missile guidance Satellite weather map Speech universal recognition mobile telecommunication system Data compression animation TELECOMMUNICATION Speech digital synthesis television Text digital to speech camera Echo cancellation Adaptive equalization digital internet audio music, phones and video Biomedical digital answer machines, Video conferencing fax and modems Patient monitoring data communication voice mail system Scannersinteractive entertainment systems ECG (Electrocardiograph) X-ray storage/enhancement

2 Basic concepts about system

(1) System
Device or technology of signal processing. (2) Analog system System with analog input and output. (3) Digital system System with digital input and output.

Signals and Systems

Basic model: Input: x Output: y

System: h

DSPFPGASOPCSoCAlgorithm Codes
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Three Problems
x h Given x and h, find y analysis Given h and y, find x control Given x and y, find h design or synthesis y

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3 Processing of analog signal with digital methods

(1) Digitalized process for analog signals
xa(t)
Sample Quantizer Coder

x(n)

(2) Digital processing method

xa(t) Filter A/D
x(n)

DSP
y(n)

D/A

Filter

ya(t)

4 Feature of Digital System

Advantages
(1) High accuracy: Floating point-8,16,32,64 bits

(2) High reliability: VLSI (analog: drift, calibration)

(3) Flexible: DSP, Software, FPGA, VHDL (4) Easy to integrate

(5) Deal with high dimensional signals

(6) Low costs: reusable, reconfigurable (7) Data logging (8) Adaptive capability

Disadvantages Complex: cost and speed

Xa(t)

Ya(t)

Analog Signal Processing

xa(t) Filter A/D
x(n)

DSP
y(n)

D/A

Filter

ya(t)

Digital Signal Processing

5 Study Case Environment monitoring System

current voltage freq A/D MEMO CPU DISP PC Printer

Analog Switches
Signal Conditioning Analog/Digital Circuits

temp
humidity Electrical/nonelectrical measurement

Automatic test system

Digital Signal Processing

MORE APPLICATIONS
The DSP compresses the digital signals and removes background noise.

When you speak, your voice is picked up by an analog sensor in the cell phones microphone

An analog-to-digital converter chip converts your voice, which is an analog signal, into digital signals, represented by 1s and 0s.

In the listeners cell phone, a digital-to-analog converter chip changes the digital signals back to an analog voice signal.

Your voice exits the phone through the speaker.

A MP3 Player

6. Objective of Digital Signal Processing

Digital Signals

Manipulation
Measurement
Spectrum analysis

Digital filter
Digital Signals

Frequency division
Disturbance attenuation

(1) Selective of A/D Signal representation - Sampling (2) Manipulation and transform feature extraction and analysis (3) Noise process Digital filter

7. Research objectives
1-dimentional DSP, multi-dimentional DSP and the realization of DSP system
1D DSP: 1D discrete-time signals and system
multi-D DSP: 2D or 3D image processing, etc. Realization of DSP system: Realization of theoretical algorithm and system (filter) on software and hardware: including system architecture, chip selective, development of the software and hardware, etc.

8. Theory of digital signal processing

Sampling of analog signals A/D conversion, sampling theory, analysis of quantization errors; Discrete-time signal analysis Time-domain and frequency-domain analysis, Fourier transform, z - transform, Hilbert transform; Discrete-time system analysis System representation, causality and stability, time-invariant system, convolution, frequency response, digital filter design; Fast algorithm for signal processing FFT, fast convolution and correlation; Special algorithm for signal processing Interpolation, singular value analysis, deconvolution.

9. Implementation of DSP system

General-purpose computer;
Micro-control unit; General-purpose DSP chip; Specific-design DSP chip; TI (leading manufacture, 70%) AD, Motorala, Lucent, NEC

10. Objectives of our learning

Main idea: solve the problem of analog signals with digital method

Understand the concept:

Sample
Transform: time-domainfrequency domain Spectrum analysis Filter design

Important tools: Method to design digital filter

11. Proposed syllabus for the course

Total period: 50; Experiment: 10 Class: 40

Discrete-time signals and system Discrete Fourier transform

FFT and its applications

Design of IIR digital filters Design of FIR digital filters

How to Learn ?

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Curriculum in Signal Processing

Mathematics Signals and Systems Signal processing theory and systems Communications theory and systems Control theory and systems Applications and research

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Mathematics for Signal Processing

Algebra, calculus, differential equations Linear algebra, matrices, vector spaces, functional analysis Probability, statistics, random processes Computational mathematics, numerical analysis, algorithms Computer Science and Engineering Math now has an experimental laboratory
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Modern Engineering is Design

Science studies and describes what nature created, what already exists Engineering creates and builds what society wants and needs, what does not already exist Engineering uses mathematics in a different way from science

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History of Teaching and Learning Engineering

Engineering was first a trade which was learned through apprenticeship

Next, it was a profession which was learned through training

Now it is a discipline which is learned through education. Modern liberal arts
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Training vs. Education

Old Engineering: How do I build a bridge across the river? New Engineering: How do I satisfy peoples desire to interact across the river?

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Training vs. Education

Old system: Learn enough in the university to last your professional lifetime New system: In the university, learn the methods to continue to learn all of your life. Old: study, work, then retire. New: study and work and retire without boundary Transition from old to new system occurred around 50 years ago but education has not changed
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Research in the New World

In the old system, research was done by a small number of specialist in laboratories and graduate school In the new system, research will be done by everybody in all levels of school and work Same true for Design
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Education in the New System

Shift emphasis from Training to education Teaching to learning (teacher to student) Passive to active (and interactive) Process to concept (concept inventory) Understand to discover Need research in learning technical material
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Technology for Education

Matlab, Mathematica, Maple, LabView

OCW, Connexions, Wikipedia, Google

Desktop, laptop, hand-held, mobile phone plus Internet; social software systems

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Open Educational Resources

The Open Educational Resource (OER) movement was inspired by the Open Source movement in software. Open Course Ware OCW (MIT) Connexions Cnx (Rice) Wikipedia (Wikibooks, etc.) Creative Commons CC (Stanford, Duke) Curriki, PLoS, EOL, Shuttleworth's Siyavula Project, CK-12 Project, OSI, etc.
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Interactive, Dynamic Virtual Lab

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Multimedia

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Matlab

www.mathworks.com

Connexions Now
Usage Repository: 7300 modules, 20,000 revisions, 405 courses or books, 7200 author accounts, 147 countries, print-on-demand books In Oct. 2008: 17M hits, 1.0M pages views, 520K unique users from 157 countries Globalization Europe: Germany, Norway, England, etc. Asia: China, India, Pakistan, Japan, Vietnam, Korea Africa: South Africa LACCEI: (conversation with Mexico, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay started)
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Signal Processing Web Sites

DSP an Rice: http://www-dsp.rice.edu/ DSP at MIT: http://www.rle.mit.edu/ Connexions at Rice: http://cnx.org/ OCW at MIT: Georgia Tech, Univ. of Illinois, University of Texas, Princeton, Stanford
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Curriculum schedule
Class:

06011040601201060120266 students
Lectures 226 4th-14th week, Mon: 5~6; Wen: 7~8; Experiments: 12th-13th week, G601, Thu, 5~6 Examination: 42, 17th week, Thu, 10:00~12:00

12 Student Commitment
Assignment Attendance in classes is mandatory ! Scores Assignment + Experiment + Report: 10%

Examination: 100%

Presentation

Project3~5 points

Subject is assigned by teacher Discuss with instructor 3 days before presentation

Criterion
Content, Clear and fluent, Team works

NEW STUFF
LIMITED TIME LOTS OF WORK

PRESSURE
METHODOLOGY PLAN

EXECUTE
TEAM WORK HAVE TO SHARE FOR YOUR FUTURE LIFE!

NEW BEGINNING FOR YOURSELF !

HOW TO GET WHAT YOU WANT ?

WANTED !

http://www.emule.org.cn

Emule P2P
ICQ,AOL Instant Messenger,Yahoo Pager, MSN Messenger,

Tencet QQ-most popular P2P.

REVIEW

What is DSP ?
Why DSP ?

How to ?
BRIEF INTRODUCTIONS

References
1 Discrete-time Signal Processing. A.V. Oppenheim, R.W.Schafer. Pearson Education2005,1 2 Digital Signals Processingusing MATLAB. Vinay K. Ingle,John G. Proakis. ISTE Publishing Company, 2008 3 Real-time Digital Signal Processing Implementation, Application

and Experiments with the TMS320C55X. Sen M. Kuo, Bob H. Lee.

WILEY, 2003,12 4 Introduction to Signal Processing. Sophocles J. Orfanidis. Prentice Hall, 1998,12 5 Fundamentals of Digital Signal Processing. Joyce Van de Vegte. Prentice Hall, 2003,1