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CAMLESS ENGINES
Under the Guidance
Prof.Abdul Mannan
M.E
Submitted by
Contents
Introduction Camless engines Working of conventional engines Conventional engine valves Camless engines overview Actuators Detailed view of Hydraulic Pendulum Operation of hydraulic pendulum Modifier Rod Advantages Disadvantages Conclusion
Introduction
CAMS Control the breathing channels (valves) of an IC engine Connected to camshaft which is operated by crankshaft Cams push open valves at proper time & guide their closure But they are inflexible except VTEC & VVT-I Engineers could not vary timing, lift & duration of valve opening infinitely
CAMLESS ENGINES Eliminated mechanical linkages Could provide infinite variation of valve parameters It can make engines clean, efficient & responsive
The crankshaft turns camshaft which operates valves by mechanism as in figure Spring brings back valve to initial position Timing of engine valves depends on shape of cams
Engineers must design cams in the development stages This design compromises b/n engine power & fuel efficiency Considering this compromise automobile companies brought variable valve timing mechanisms But is effects were limited
Main sensors Engine load sensor Exhaust gas sensor Valve position sensor Engine speed sensor
SENSORS
ACTUATORS
Sensors sense parameters & send signals to ECU ECU contains microprocessors with associated software This ECU controls the actuators to work according to requirements
Actuators
It is a electro-hydraulic camless valve train (ECV) Uses elastic property of compressed hydraulic fluid which acts like a liquid spring, accelerates & decelerates the valves
Hydraulic pendulum
Involves conversion of PE to KE and back to PE with minimum energy loss During acceleration of valves PE is converted to KE During deceleration of valve energy of moving valve is returned to fluid
Lift, timing & duration of valve opening is varied by controlling solenoid valves This is done by ECU when signals are sent from the sensors
Advantages
Offers continuously variable & independent control of all aspects of valve motion - lift, operation duration, event of opening ECV system can control valve velocity, valve acceleration and deceleration
disadvantages
Opening & closing of valves requires some power Electrometrical-alternator Eelectrohydraulic-accumulator Current solenoids cannot run at high rpms,. Hidden cost of microprocessor & software controls.
Resultant Advantages
Better fuel economy- 7 to 10 % increase Higher torque & power- 10 to 15 % increase Lower exhaust emissions- EGR system is eliminated since EGR effect occurs on its own & thus reduces NOx emissions Reduction in size & weight
Conclusion
Even though some disadvantages are present, we can expect electrohydraulic & electromechanical valves to replace the conventional camshaft technology. The system employs the hydraulic pendulum principle, which contributes to low hydraulic energy consumption. The electro hydraulic valve train is integral with the cylinder head, which lowers the head height and
References
1] Michael M.Schechter and Michael B.Levin Camless Engine SAE paper 960581 [2] P. Kreuter, P. Heuser, and M. Schebitz, "Strategies to Impove SI-Engine Performance by Means of Variable Intake Lift, Timing and Duration", SAE paper 920449. [3] K. Hatano, k. Lida, H. Higashi, and S. Murata, Development of a New Multi-Mode Variable Valve Timing Engine,SAE
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