Presentation Topic

Energy Resources and supply options ( local Regional, National, Global)

Subject:Energy and Envornment Group members

Athar Muhammad Khan(09-MS-TSE-05) Farukh Fayyaz(07-MS-IME-14)

Energy resources

Energy resources are generally defined as anything that can be used as a source of energy. Some important energy resources are oil, natural gas and coal. Access to energy resources is vital to economic development and prosperity

Classification of Energy resources

Non-renewable or Conventional Energy Resources Renewable or Non-conventional Energy Resources

Non-renewable or Conventional Energy Resources

Resources which are in limited amounts and cannot be renewed are called non-renewable energy resources. Fossil fuels like coal and petroleum are some examples. Petroleum products are energy-rich components of carbon which have undergone anaerobic degradation with the help of sun's energy.

Renewable or Non-conventional Energy Resources

Renewable energy resources are solar radiation, wind power, hydel power, biomass and nuclear power. They can be recycled and renewed by nature. For most renewable sources there is no inherent storage capability therefore must be integrated into electrical network. Electricity can be supplied either by transmission or through batteries in stored form Independent fuel supply and price variability and are thereby economically less risky Renewable resources are more uniformly distributed geographically than fossil fuel providing indigenous resource for energy most fuel poor nations

World Reserves of Oil

World Reserves of Coal

World Reserves of Gas

Energy supply

Energy supply is the delivery of fuels or transformed fuels to point of consumption. It potentially encompasses the extraction, transmission, generation, distribution and storage of fuels. Energy supply is the total amount of usable energy available to people for doing work. We use forms of energy to operate machinery; to heat and cool our homes and offices; to cook; to provide light; and to transport people and goods. Heat energy is the most commonly used form of energy. Energy may be obtained directly from an energy source, as when people burn wood to produce heat. Energy may also be obtained indirectly. For example, at a power plant, oil is burned to create steam and that steam produced is used to power a generator which is used for electricity.

Energy supply cntd.

The sources of supply are usually physically remote from the ultimate user. Colombian coal is shipped to Europe on an oilfired vessel, and burned in a power station to light the lamps of London. A vast number of other energy sources contributed to the infrastructure which makes this possible, from the tungsten in the lamp filament to the glass that surrounds it. This is often called "embodied energy", and its costs, as much as the direct costs of supply, determine economic choices which consumers may make.

Energy supply cntd.

About 85 percent of all commercial energy comes from petroleum, coal, and natural gas. Petroleum, coal, and natural gas are called fossil fuels because they developed from the fossilized remains of prehistoric plants. The earth contains only a limited supply of fossil fuels. But the amount of fossil fuel burned by people to produce energy has nearly doubled every 20 years since 1900. It is projected that soon, the supply will run out. Scientists and engineers are working to develop other sources of energy.

Fuel Supply
Fossil fuels are supplied in certain ways, Coal can be supplied by rails, trucks and also can be shipped . oil can be supplied through pipe lines, storage tankers etc and can also be shipped. Gas can be supplied through pipe lines or through storage cylinders. LNG carriers transport liquefied natural gas (LNG) across oceans, while tanks trucks can carry liquefied or (CNG) over shorter distances. Sea transport using CNG carrier ships that are now under development may be competitive with LNG transport in specific conditions.

Energy source selection

Energy source selection depends on certain factors. Which sources are chosen depends on what history has established in terms of capital equipment and habit as it does on economics, considerations of supply integrity or other policy concerns. The nature of the economy itself, shifting from primary production to the service economy, changes both the quantity and type of energy used. The scale of economic activity largely determines how much energy is employed in it.

Energy supply problems

By the year 2100, the world's commercial energy system will be replaced at least twice, which offers opportunities to change the present energy system in step with the normal timing of the corresponding investments, using emerging technologies in environmentally sound ways. Therefore, this assessment focuses on the performance of these emerging technologies With an increase in population comes an increase in electric and chemical power consumption

Energy supply problems cntd.

One of the most pressing problems facing humankind today is the lack of long-term assurance of energy supplies. Most energy resources in use are finite; there are only so many coal, oil, and natural gas reserves that can be tapped-and those reserves are not bottomless in quantity. The limit is fast approaching, as technology demands higher and higher levels of what resources are available

Energy supply problems cntd.

The planet abounds with low quality energy sources, but the high utility sources of supply are located in a relatively few countries. This degree of concentration is increasing. Oil production is in the hands of a price-fixing cartel. Gas supplies operate along tenuous thread-like pipelines, often passing through areas prone to anything from armed uprisings to banditry. Many of the energyrich states are generically unstable, and importing nations must therefore be concerned about supply security.

Four structural issues with which we should concern ourselves.

First, how is growth to continue without causing dangerous consequences through pollution? Second, how are the developing countries to achieve the energy-related investment that they need, both to grow and not to pollute? Third, how is supply diversity to be achieved so as to avoid source-related disruption, and also the economic impact of rising costs of supply? Fourth - less a question than a statement - energy supply will cost more than it did in the past. Not only are the "easy" energy sources nearly exhausted, but demand is set to grow, and overheads - such as pollution management - are also going to increase.

Thank you