BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACE

Submitted By: B.V.LOHIT

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INTRODUCTION

Man machine interface has been one of the growing fields of research and development in recent years.

Research on BCIs has been going on far more than 30 years but from the mid 1990s there has been dramatic increase working experimental implants.

Brain-computer interface (BCI) has emerged as a new frontier in Assistive technology (AT) since it could provide an alternative communication channel between a users brain and the outside world.

A BCI provides its users with an alternative method for acting on the world. 2

WHAT IS BCI?
A Brain-computer interface (BCI), sometimes called a direct neural interface or a brain-machine interface, is a direct communication pathway between a human or animal brain and an external device. In this definition, the word brain means the brain or nervous system of an organic life form rather than the mind. Computer means any processing or computational device, from simple circuits to silicon chips.

Types Of BCI

Invasive BCI

Partially Invasive BCI Non-Invasive BCI

Invasive BCI

Invasive BCI are directly implanted into the grey matter of the brain during neurosurgery. They produce the highest quality signals of BCI devices.

Invasive BCIs has targeted repairing damaged sight and providing new functionality to paralyzed people.

Partially Invasive BCI

Partially invasive BCI devices are implanted inside the skull but rest outside the brain rather than amidst the grey matter. They produce better resolution signals than noninvasive BCI

Non Invasive BCI

Non-invasive BCI implants produce poor signal resolution because the skull dampens signals, dispersing and blurring the electromagnetic waves created by the neurons.
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Functional Components

Experimental Environment

The motor controller device

convert the output signal of the synthesizer into DC electricity (0-5 V).

A model train (TOMIX 92082, TOMY Corporation, Japan) was used to represent the output state.

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Application
Some of its applications are :

The Mental Typewriter

speechless mobiles

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A BCI for a severely wounded person

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Challenges

The brain is incredibly complex. To say that all thoughts or actions are the result of simple electric signals in the brain is a gross understatement.

The signal is weak and prone to interference. EEGs measure tiny voltage potentials.

The equipment is less than portable. It's far better than it used to be -- early systems were hardwired to massive mainframe computers.
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Conclusion

Invasive BCI research has targeted repairing damaged sight and providing new functionality to paralyzed people

The brain-computer interface provides new ways for individuals to interact with their environment.

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References

B. Chance, P. Cohen, F. Jobsis, and B. Schoener, Intracellular oxidation-reduction states in vivo, Science 137, 1962, pp. 499-508.

A. Maki, Y. Yamashita, Y. Ito, E. Watanabe, Y. Mayanagi. H. Koizumi, Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Human Motor Activity using Noninvasive NIR Topography, Med. Phys. Vol. 22, 1995, pp. 1997-2005.

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THANK YOU

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QUERIES