Submitted to Prof Hussain Haider (FOC)

Prepared by

Shivshankar Group

FAMOUS AS: Ancient Military General, Strategist & Philosopher BORN ON: 544 BC BORN IN: Qi or Wu NATIONALITY: China WORKS & ACHIEVEMENTS: Wrote the influential, The Art of War.

Sun Tzus Statue

Statue of Sun Tzu in Yurihama, Tottori, Japan

According to traditional source such as 2nd century BC biography Sun Tzu was born in Qi during the Spring and Autumn period of China and become heroic general for the King of Wu and King of Helu His Victories then inspired him to write the Art of War . The period was a time of constant war among seven nations ZHAO, QI, QIN, CHU, HAN, WIE and YAN seeking to control all of Chine

San Tzu Said when he was general

In this case himself, was responsible for ensuring that soldiers understood the commands given to them. Then , he reiterated the command, and again the concubines giggled. Sun Tzus then ordered the execution of the kings two favored concubines, to the kings protests. He explained that if the generals soldiers understood their commands but did not obey, it was the fault of officers. Sun Tzu also said that once a general was appointed, it was their duty to carry out their mission, even if the king protested. After both concubines were killed, new officers were chosen to replace the. Afterwards, both companies performed their maneuvers flawlessly.

Sun Tzus command this battle from WU state

The Battle of Boju

It was fought in 506 BC between WU and CHU forces. The WU forces werer led by Sun Zi and they were ultimately victoriouse. CHU and WU states were at war for about 50 Years and ended in 220 BC. Sun Tzus 30,000 soliders defeated Chus army of 300,000 soliders.

Sun Tzu Ping Fa

Sun Tzu proved on the battlefield that his theories were affected, that he had a successful military career, and that he wrote The Art of War based on his tested expertise composed of 13 chapters, each of which is developed to one aspect of warfare, it is said to be the definitive work on strategies and tactics of its time, and still one of the basic text book.

Chapter summaries
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Calculations focus on the 1st stage of strategic thinking, where the importance is in carefully considering your approach and plans Waging War the next stage discusses what it take s to develop and deploy a plan Offensive Strategy how to compare without competing at all Dispositions how to control the situation before the conflict even begins Energy how to use momentum and timing to defeat the competition Weakness and Strengths how to identify the best match-up by matching ones strength to the weakness of the competition Maneuvering how to tactically deploy and shift your forces before and during the combat The Variation of Tactics how to adapt to the realities of battle, which means one must adapt to the advantages and disadvantages of the moment that often determining victory or defeat

Concept of Maneuvering
A large-scale tactical exercise carried out under simulated conditions of war. Maneuvers, a series of tactical exercises usually carried out in the field by large bodies of troops in simulating the conditions of war. Maneuvering/Engaging The Force explains the dangers of direct conflict and how to win those confrontations when they are forced upon you.

Summary of Maneuvering
Master Sun Tzu conceptualizes armed struggle as a situation to steer clear from. He defines struggle as the pursuit of an advantage and states that fighting with people face to face over advantages is the hardest thing in the world. In competing with a local business, do not take it head on. To gain a complete advantage over it, think outside of the box and use resource strengths and distinctive capabilities to outgain it in every aspect. Assess whether to use direct or indirect approaches and heavy or light tactics and then proceed to attack. This will lead to your best chance of victory.

Master Sun states, Act after having made assessments. The one who first knows the measures of far and near wins this is the rule of armed struggle.

In war, the general receives his commands from the sovereign. The ultimate command comes from the ruler of the country. The general's purpose is to achieve the intent and goals set by this ruler. In business, the CEO and board set the objectives that are executed further down the organization. This says much about the importance of selection and of trust.

Having collected an army and concentrated his forces, he must blend and harmonize the different elements thereof before pitching his camp
Putting together a fighting force has many options, for example creating an elite brigade or spreading the best men to create a wider capability. The way the troops and weapons are organized depends on the strategic intent and planned maneuvers. In business as in war, a difficult question is where to put your best people. There is no magic formula for this but your choice can be critical.

After that, comes tactical maneuvering, than which there is nothing more difficult. The difficulty of tactical maneuvering consists in turning the devious into the direct, and misfortune into gain.
Maneuvering involves moving. Good maneuvering is like playing chess, where much of the game is about positioning in order to secure effective attacks that lead inexorably to victory. In business, strong execution is very important. You can strategize all you like, but if you can't do what you planned, you are likely in deep trouble.

Thus, to take a long and circuitous route, after enticing the enemy out of the way and though starting after him, to contrive to reach the goal before him, shows knowledge of the artifice of Deviation. Good maneuvers include surprise, for example where the enemy thinks you are behind them, then finds you have slipped past them and are in front. In business, maneuvering is also important, and a surprised competitor is one who is put off their footing.

The stronger men will be in front, the jaded ones will fall behind, and on this plan only onetenth of your army will reach its destination.
This means you cannot depend on all or, indeed, many of the troops you dispatch on the mission to reach the final goal in force, and so you must plan accordingly.

Key Points

Maneuver to Gain the Advantage

Achieve the Critical Mass

Deceive Your Competitor Develop Effective Internal Communication

Gain the Mental Advantage

Maneuver to Gain the Advantage

Make the devious route the most direct Turn misfortune into advantage Use deception Make changes to confuse your opponent

Achieve the Critical Mass

Gather all of your resources and you will be late Advance without enough resources and you may lose them all Know the situation and use the help of others who have had the same experience

Gain the Mental Advantage

Preserve your resources for the main effort Do not fight battles you cannot win Adapt quickly to changes in the circumstances Do not press a desperate opponent too hard

Move only if there is a real advantage to be gained

Direct Competitor

Understanding the Variation in Tactics

Variation in Tactics/The Nine Variations focuses on the need for flexibility in your responses. It explains how to respond to shifting circumstances successfully. As Master Sun writes, Therefore generals who know all possible adaptations to take advantage of the ground know how to use military forces. If generals do not know how to adapt advantageously, even if they know the lay of the land, they cannot take advantage of it.

In war, the general receives his commands from the sovereign, collects his army and concentrates his forces
When you know your objectives, you can then direct your armies to the right places. In business, when you know the business intent and direction, you can then formulate how to focus.

The general who thoroughly understands the advantages that accompany variation of tactics knows how to handle his troops.
Knowing tactics is not enough. You need to know when to use them. In particular there is skill in matching the tactics to both the situation and to one another. In business, you can have a great strategy but if you cannot translate it into a solid yet adaptive execution then it will all be for naught.

The general who does not understand these, may be well acquainted with the configuration of the country, yet he will not be able to turn his knowledge to practical account.
Knowing the terrain is not enough. Knowing the weather is not enough. Knowing your troops is not enough. Knowing the enemy is not enough. You must also know what tactics will be effective in the specific situation you face.

Hence in the wise leader's plans, considerations of advantage and of disadvantage will be blended together.
Advantage is a two-sided coin. When you do not have advantage, the other side has advantage and you have disadvantage. At any one time, you have both advantage and disadvantage. Plans and actions need to take heed of both.

The art of war teaches us to rely not on the likelihood of the enemy's not coming, but on our own readiness to receive him; not on the chance of his not attacking, but rather on the fact that we have made our position unassailable.
Any war can be won if you can always defend successfully. The best strategy is hence to always ready to take on the enemy at any time.

Key Points

Consider Tactical Options

Prepare Adequate Defenses

Avoid the Faults of Leadershipe

Consider Tactical Options

Understand the mission, gather resources, and concentrate the offensive. Use attorneys and others to make trouble for your opponent. To gain advantage, consider what the opponent would do to gain the advantage.

Avoid the Faults of Leadership

Bravery can lead to recklessness and destruction. Being overly cautious leads to cowardice and defeat. Worry leads to blunders and bad reactions . Anger leads to temper with vulnerability to insults.

Organizational example of Variation in Tactics

Coca-Cola Tactical Variation Related to Marketing

Individual example of Variation in Tactics

Variation in Tactics of Stock Buy and Sell

Sell
Stop Order Upper Limit Fundamental Analysis

Buy
Buy Stop Order Stop Loss Order Lower Limit

Analysis
If you outnumber the enemy ten to one, surround them. If you outnumber them five to one, attack them If you outnumber them two or one, divide them. If you are equal, then find an advantageous battle. If you are fewer, defend against them. If you are much weaker, evade them. Small forces are not powerful. However, large forces cannot catch them