Occupational Health & Safety System ISO-18000

Why the need for OHSAS?

Response to urgent customer demand for a recognizable

occupational health and safety management system standard To address changing legislation and protect their workforce Need for health and safety management system that could be audited and certified Applies to general industry and fills gap of health and safety issues not covered by:
Responsible Care (RC), Chemical Plant (PSM) industries or other

health and safety programs e.g. ISM Code (Marine Safety)

An OHSMS promotes a safe and healthy working environment

by providing a framework that allows an organization to consistently identify and control its health and safety risks, reduce the potential for accidents aid legislative compliance and improve overall performance

Overview

OHSAS 18001 - Internationally recognized assessment specification for OH SM systems by leading trade bodies, international standards and certification bodies Can be adopted by any organization wishing to implement a formal procedure to reduce the risks associated with health and safety in the working environment for employees, customers and the general public The following key areas are addressed by OHSAS 18001: Planning for hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control OHSAS management programme Structure and responsibility Training, awareness and competence Consultation and communication Operational control Emergency preparedness and response

Performance measuring, monitoring and improvement It is an auditable protocol, against which a company's health and safety management system can be assessed It does not state specific OH&S performance criteria Does not give detailed specifications for design of a management system Intended to address OH&S for employees, temporary employees, contractors, visitors and other personnel on-site Not intended to cover product and service safety No accreditation scheme based on OHSAS 18001 offered by any national accreditation body e.g. RAB, UKAS, RvA, etc. Certification bodies can only issue nonaccredited certificates for OHSAS 18001 e.g. Certificate of Conformance

OHSAS 18001 and OHSAS 18002

The OHSAS 18000 series is the emerging standard sets for

occupational safety and health

OHSAS 18001 OHSAS 18002

OHSM Systems Specification - developed in need for a recognized standard against which occupational safety management systems can be assessed It covers issues such as planning for hazard identification, risk assessment/control, OHS management, awareness and competence, training, communication, emergency preparedness and response, performance measuring and improvement

Provides guidelines for the implementation of OHSAS 18001. It explains the requirements of this and how to work towards implementation/registration

Summary of Changes

Standard, not a specification/ document This reflects the increasing adoption of OHSAS 18001 as the basis for national standards on occupational health and safety management systems Commonly called the 2Cs Compatibility with ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 (IMS) To enable organizations to develop "integrated management systems" Clarity in elements and definitions New requirements Consideration of hierarchy of controls Participation and consultation Management of change Investigation of incidents New clause (element) Evaluation of compliance (not a new requirement)

Much greater emphasis on "health" rather than just "safety Hazard is not damage to property/ damage to workplace environment The term "accident" is now included in the term incident Use of Acceptable Risk in place of tolerable risk Damage" is now not directly related to OHSM and that it is included in the field of asset management

The risk of such "damage" having an effect on OHS should be identified through the organization's risk assessment process, and be controlled through the application of appropriate risk controls

Reasons for change

To provide a results-oriented system To refine the elements and definitions To embrace modern concepts of occupational health and

safety management To further encourage management systems integration and possibly increase the interest in the Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series (OHSAS) Adoption of OHSAS 18001 as the basis for national standards on OHS systems Alignment with ISO 14001, ISO 9001, ILOOSH:2001, ANSI Z10 and AS/NZS 4801

Important Definitions
Terms Hazard Definitions OHSAS 18000 Source or Situation with a potential for harm in terms of human injury or ill health, Damage in property, damage to the workplace environment, or a combination of these Combination of the likelihood and consequence of occurrence of a specified hazardous event Overall process of estimating the magnitude of risk and deciding whether or not the risk is tolerable Undesired event giving rise to death, ill health, injury, damage or other loss Event that gave rise to an accident or had to potential to lead to an accident ( including near-miss) The direct or indirect degradation, temporary or permanent, of the physical, mental, or social well-being of workers. Risk Risk Assessment Accident Incident Harm

Scope of OHSAS
Promotion & maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental and social well-being of workers The prevention of adverse effects on the health of workers caused by their working conditions The protection of workers in their employment from risks resulting from factors adverse to health Creating and maintaining an occupational environment adapted to physical and mental needs of the workers The adaptation of work to humans Consideration of issues relating to occupational medicine, industrial hygiene, toxicology, education, engineering safety, ergonomics, psychology, etc

OHSAS

Health
Health Issues are difficult to confront Effect visible in long durations A Healthy workplace is a safe workplace Exposure to hazards in the workplace can lead to serious illness. Also deals with social and mental well being of the workers

Safety
Safety issues are easier to spot and assess Can cause immediate loss/damage A safe workplace may not be a healthy workplace Unsafe workplace can lead to accidents and incidents

Hazard Assessment Flow

Identify Individual Hazards at Workplace Assess the effect of each hazard Eliminate the Hazard Control the Hazard to permissible limits

Control or elimination should be as close to the source (location of the

hazard) as reasonable and possible. As technology, resources, social expectation or regulatory requirements change, hazard analysis focuses control/elimination closer to the source of hazard. hazard control is a dynamic program of prevention Continuous process A hazard-based program may not be able to eliminate all risks, but neither does it accept "satisfactory" -- but still riskyoutcomes.

Risk Assessment Flow

Identify Individual Hazards at Workplace Identify all affected by Hazard Assess how are they affected Identify & prioritize appropriate control measures

Evaluate the Risk

Modern occupational safety and health legislation usually demands

that a risk assessment be carried out prior to making an intervention Risk management requires risk to be managed to a level which is as low as is reasonably practical. Assessment of Risk based on Severity, Frequency & Detectability Qualitatively, Risk Management is the description of the circumstances by which the harm could arise The assessment should be recorded and reviewed periodically and whenever there is a significant change to work practices Once recommended controls are implemented, the risk should be recalculated to determine of it has been lowered to an acceptable level

Types of Hazard
Safety - moving machinery, working at heights, slippery surfaces,

mobile equipment, etc.

Ergonomic - material handling, environment, work organization, etc.

Chemical Agents
Biological Agents Physical Agents - noise, lighting, radiation, etc. Psychosocial - stress, violence, etc.