6course2 Sensation

Master ENS 2004 - ORegan
la nature des sensations
sentir des choses diffrentes

dans une modalit sensorielle dans diffrentes modalits
sentir plutt que rien sentir
Le problme de la conscience phnomnale
Actions
Sensory inputs
Brain mechanisms
Sensations
Sentir = exercer une habilit sensorimotrice
Sentir = exercer une habilit sensorimotrice
vision classique le cerveau gnre les sensations
nouvelle vision le cerveau gnre savoir et actions
detailed internal representation

Sensorimotor Contingencies
(D. M. MacKay, 1956)
sensory input = f ( action )
Feeling Softness
knowing that sensorimotor contingencies typical of softness are currently being obeyed.
Seeing Red
knowing that sensorimotor contingencies typical of red are currently being obeyed.
Red is the way red things change the light (Broackes, 1992)
Non-uniformity of color sampling
Dual Purkinje Eye Tracker (Franoise Vitu & Denis Lancelin)
Aline Bompas with split-field glasses
Previous efforts
Kohler 1951 Mc Collough 1965 Harrington 1965 Leppman & Wieland, 1966
+ +
Forced choice
more yellow-ish
more blue-ish
Judging white after removing glasses
% responses blue
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.825 0.85 0.875
eyes to blue side eyes to yellow
color

Intermodal differences
SEEING
blink:
move forward: big change expanding flow shifting flow nothing
HEARING
no change
increasing amplitude asynchrony
turn sideways:
cover ears: cover eyes:
big change
big change nothing
Tactile Visual Sensory Substitution

Bach y Rita (1972; 1984)
testing P. Meijers The vOICe (M. Auvray)
Audio-Tactile Substitution
Aline Bompas, Kevin ORegan
right microphone
left microphone
isolating head phones
Vibrator on right leg

Vibrator on left leg
QuickTime et un dco mpresseur codec YUV420 sont requis pou r visualiser cette imag e.
Botvinick & Cohen, 1998
Seeing Straightness
knowing that sensorimotor contingencies typical of straightness are currently being obeyed.
SCENE
RETINAL STIMULATION
CORTICAL REPRESENTATION
Cortex
Retina
Visual field
What is a sensorimotor law?
S = f(M) INTRINSIC way of describing relation which is independent of the code

(Differential geometry, Lie Groups)
QuickTime et u n dcomp resse ur Intel Inde o Video 5 .0 sont requis pou r visualiser cette ima ge.
Philipona, O Regan & Nadal, Neural Computation 2003

QuickTime e t un d compresseur sont requis pou r visualiser cette ima ge.
Philipona, O Regan & Nadal, Neural Computation 2003


Why is sensory experience different from other mental phenomena?
Corporality/Bodiliness
tight link to body motions
Alerting capacity/Grabbiness
transients incontrovertibly grab attention
if voluntary motions systematically affect input
Corporality/Bodiliness
e.g. visual, auditory, etc. also: proprioception not: autonomic sensory pathways
Alerting Capacity/Grabbiness
capacity to peremptorily interfere with cognitive processing
(can cause exogenous attentional capture) e.g. visual, auditory pathways, etc. not: vestibular, proprioceptive, autonomic sensory pathways
Remembering
corporality --
alerting capacity --
Seeing
corporality +++
alerting capacity +++
"raw feel"
corporality remember --
alerting capacity --
see
+++
+++
"raw feel"
corporality remember feel rich drive see -+ ++ +++
alerting capacity -+++
alerting capacity
obsession, worry embarassment fear love happiness loneliness thought, memory
pain vision, hearing touch, smell
INCREASING SENSORY FEEL
vestibular sense driving
richness
proprioception
corporality
The experience of softness

E. Myin
EXERCISING A SKILL !
The experience of softness

E. Myin
COGNITIVELY ENGAGING IN
EXERCISING A SKILL !
Having an experience
different qualities
cognitively engaging in:

the exercise of a skill
thinking, remembering
motor skills: bodiliness
perceiving: bodiliness & grabbiness

Sensory Quality Phenomenality
A sensorimotor account of vision and visual consciousness

J.K.ORegan & A.No Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 5, 2001 http://nivea.psycho.univ-paris5.fr
La conscience phnomnale en une phrase
Avoir une sensation (perceptive) = tre en train d accder au savoir qu on exerce actuellement une habilit sensorimotrice d un type spcifique spcificits des habilits sensorimotrices perceptives:
monde comme source d informations (mmoire externe) corporalit capacit d alerte
Mystres de la conscience phnomnale MYSTERE EXPLI CATION DONNEES

ineffab le habilits pratiques, pas d'accs c ognitif habilits diffrentes selon les modalits adaptat ion cou leurs subst itution senso rielle
qualit distinctives intra- et intermodales
qualit plutt que rien habilits diffrentes (something it's like) compars aut res activits menta les "prsence " corporalit et capac it d'alerte ccit aux change ments
Ressources
Transparents du cours et autres infos: http://nivea.psycho.univ-paris5.fr Articles en ligne sur la conscience: http://www.u.arizona.edu/~chalmers/online.html PSYCHE http://psyche.cs.monash.edu.au/ JCS http://www.imprint.co.uk/ Abstracts de confrences rgulires: ASSC http://www.assc.caltech.edu/ Tucson (Toward a Science of Consciousness) http://www.consciousness.arizona.edu/tucson/index.html
Quelques suggestions darticles 1

!! = contraire de mon approche; * = compatible mais nexpliquant pas la P-conscience trs neuro:
* Moshe Bar & Irving Biederman, Localizing the cortical region mediating visual awareness of object identity (awareness area) * Nancy Kanwisher, Neural events and perceptual awareness (review on NCC) !! Christof Koch (NCC) !! Gabriel Kreiman, Itzhak Fried, & Christof Koch (Single neuron awareness) Erik D. Lumer *and Geraint Rees (Awareness and rivalry) Lumer, Friston & Rees (aware percepts in rivalry) Maknik & haglund (optical images correlate with percept not with input) Sahraie, L. Weiskrantz, J.L. Barbur, et al (aware and unaware areas in blindsight) D.L. Sheinberg & N. Logothetis (aware vs unaware neurons in rivalry) !! R. Srinivasan, D.P. Russell, G.M. Edelman, & G. Tononi !! G. Tononi, R. Srinivasan, D.P. Russell, & G.M. Edelman (awareness in large numbers of synchronous neurons) !! S. Zeki, S. Aglioti, D. McKeefry, & G. Berlucchi (V1-V2 wavelength; V4 color constancy)
Quelques suggestions darticles 2

plutt psycho ou philo: * Bernard Baars (comparison of aware and aware states) ** Chalmers (phil discussion of NCC: good!) !! Churchland (misguided hope in neural hypotheses) !! Cotterill (master module) !! Crick & Koch (time for NCC!) !! Eccles (presynaptic vesicular grids of the boutons ) ? Hernegger (how brain generates sensations? Interesting?) ** Hurley & No (cortical dominance and deference) Rees, Kreiman & Koch (review on NCC) !! John Smythies (biochemical basis of coma) ** Ruediger Vaas, (Why neural correlates of consciousness are fine, but not enough (seems good!) * Baars (global workspace article) * Myles Bogner, Uma Ramamurthy, & Stan Franklin, Consciousness and conceptual learning in a socially situated agent (seems interesting!) !! Stanislas Dehaene, Michel Kerszberg, and Jean-Pierre Changeux !! Stevan Harnad Consciousness: An afterthought (an attempt to account for P-consc. Interesting?) !* Anthony Jack & Tim Shallice, Introspective physicalism as an approach to the science of consciousness (doesnt explain P-consc?) !!!! Steven Lehar, Gestalt isomorphism (mystical?) * Don Mathis & Michael Mozer (temporally stable computational states) * Josh McDermott, Global workspace theory: Consciousness explained? (interesting critique of Baars) ?? George McKee, The engine of awareness: Autonomous synchronous representations (somehow time provides qualia) Master ENS 2004 - ORegan
Sensory consciousness http://nivea.psycho.univ-paris5.fr
Sensory Quality
J.K.ORegan & A.No, A sensorimotor account of vision and visual consciousness. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 5, 2001
Phenomenality
Corporality/Alerting Capacity (bodiliness/grabbiness)
J.K.ORegan, E. Myin & A.No, Towards an analytic phenomenology (in press)
Mathematics: Inferring Space

D. Philipona, J.K.ORegan, J.-P. Nadal, Is there anything out there? Inferring space from sensorimotor dependencies. Neural

6course2 Sensation

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Master ENS 2004 - ORegan

Master ENS 2004 - ORegan

Master ENS 2004 - ORegan

la nature des sensations

sentir des choses diffrentes

sentir plutt que rien sentir

Master ENS 2004 - ORegan

Le problme de la conscience phnomnale

Sentir = exercer une habilit sensorimotrice

Master ENS 2004 - ORegan

Sentir = exercer une habilit sensorimotrice

Master ENS 2004 - ORegan

vision classique le cerveau gnre les sensations

nouvelle vision le cerveau gnre savoir et actions

detailed internal representation

Master ENS 2004 - ORegan

la nature des sensations

sentir des choses diffrentes

sentir plutt que rien sentir

Master ENS 2004 - ORegan

sensory input = f ( action )

Master ENS 2004 - ORegan

Master ENS 2004 - ORegan

Master ENS 2004 - ORegan

Non-uniformity of color sampling

Master ENS 2004 - ORegan

Dual Purkinje Eye Tracker (Franoise Vitu & Denis Lancelin)

Master ENS 2004 - ORegan

Master ENS 2004 - ORegan

Master ENS 2004 - ORegan

Master ENS 2004 - ORegan

Master ENS 2004 - ORegan

Aline Bompas with split-field glasses

Master ENS 2004 - ORegan

Master ENS 2004 - ORegan

Master ENS 2004 - ORegan

Master ENS 2004 - ORegan

Master ENS 2004 - ORegan

Master ENS 2004 - ORegan

Master ENS 2004 - ORegan

Judging white after removing glasses

eyes to blue side eyes to yellow

Master ENS 2004 - ORegan

la nature des sensations

sentir des choses diffrentes

sentir plutt que rien sentir

Master ENS 2004 - ORegan

Tactile Visual Sensory Substitution

Master ENS 2004 - ORegan

testing P. Meijers The vOICe (M. Auvray)

Master ENS 2004 - ORegan

isolating head phones

Vibrator on right leg

Vibrator on left leg

Master ENS 2004 - ORegan

Master ENS 2004 - ORegan

Botvinick & Cohen, 1998

Master ENS 2004 - ORegan

Master ENS 2004 - ORegan

Master ENS 2004 - ORegan

Master ENS 2004 - ORegan

Master ENS 2004 - ORegan

What is a sensorimotor law?

S = f(M) INTRINSIC way of describing relation which is independent of the code