Presentation On System Analysis & Design

Topics is:- Characteristics of System & Manpreet Kaur Types of System

MCA Ist

What is a system?
A system is a collection of elements or components that are organized for a common purpose. System is created to solve the problems and one can think of the system approach as an organized way of dealing with a problem. A system is an array of components that work together to achieve a common goal or multiple goals by accepting input, processing it and producing output in an organized manner. A system consists of several subsystems. In this dynamic word the subject system analysis and design mainly deal with the system development activities. For eg:- A business system combines policies, personnel, equipment and computer facilities to co-ordinate the activities of a business organization.

Behavior
Organization

Interdependences

Interaction Self Regulating

Characteristics of a System

Decomposition

Integration

Central objective

Life Cycle

ORGANIZATION
It implies structure and order. It is a management of component that achieve objectives. In this design we have a example of business system in which a hierarchical relationship starts with a top level management, middle level management and blue collar management.
President

Vice President Sales

Vice President Vice President Purchase production Head of Department (Assembly)

Vice President Accounting

Vice President Personal

Head of Department (Inventory)

Workers

Workers

INTERACTION
It refers to the manner in which each component function with other component of the system. For eg:- Advertising must interact with sales and purchasing with production. In a computer system the CPU must interact with the input units to solve a problem.

INTERDEPENDENCE
Interdependence means that components or subsystems of the system depend on one another dynamic. For eg:- A decision to computerize an application is initiated the user, analyzed and designed by the analyst, programmed and tested by the programmer and run by the computer operator.
Users Requirements User System Analysis System Analysis Programming Operations

Programmer

Operator

INTEGRATION
It is concerned with how a system is tied together. It is more than sharing a physical parts or locations. It means that the part of a work together with in the system even though each part, performs a unique functions.

CENTRAL OBJECTIVE
The central objective is the main characteristic of a system. Objective may be real or stated (assumed thing). Although a stated objective may be real. It is quite common that organization may set one objective and operate to achieve another. This is the important point that user must be aware about the central objective well and advance.

DECOMPOSITION
It defines the division of system into various sub system. The decomposition allows to performs complex task with greater ease. The division of system into various sub system leads to a hierarchical arrangement of the operation proceed at the system level. A system is divided into smaller units.
System

SA

SB

SC

SD

SB1

SB2

SC1

SC2

BEHAVIOUR
A system reacts to inputs form its environment and these responses determines its behavior. The responses, in turn, are governed by the rules or instructions with the components or sub systems are expected to follow in a particular set of circumstances. For eg:- A person may instinctively look left and right before crossing a road.

SELF REGULATING & LIFE CYCLE

Self Regulating:A system tends to maintain in a steady state. In other words, a system is a self regulating and self adjusting.

Life cycle:Every system has life cycle birth, life and death.

Abstract system

Man Maid Information system

Physical System

Information System

Types of a System Open System

User Machine System

Close System

Probabilistic System Deterministic System

ABSTRACT SYSTEM
It is a collection of interdependent ideas which may or may not be present physically thing.

PHYSICAL SYSTEM
It is define as a collection of concrete operational system which are physically present. The concrete operation system consist of people material and other physical things. For eg:- A computer which includes Monitor, Processor, printer and UPS are a physical sub system.

OPEN SYSTEM
It is define as a system that depends upon its surround environment and its input. The exchange of information with in the surrounding environment may take place in the form of information. Open system are flexible in nature and adapt them selves to change in the environment conditions. For eg:- UNIX Operating system is a open system.

CLOSE SYSTEM
It is define by one which is not influenced by any change in surrounding environment. This systems that has no interaction with its external environment. For eg:- In business a closed system is one that will not interact with components outside the company.

DETERMINISTIC SYSTEM
Deterministic system is define as a system in which output of a system can be predicted with great certainty for a given set of input instruction. For eg:- Computer program, Particular set of input conditions and given program instruction programmer can easily determine the output of a computer program.

PROBABILISTIC SYSTEM
It is define as a system which the output of the system is influenced by behavior of system. Under some ideal condition system will generate the same output as deterministic system. The introduction of behavior. In once leads the probability of error in the system.

USRE MACHINE SYSTEM

It is define as a system whose people works in close proximity with machine. In present area of advanced technology you will hardly find any system that works without use of machine. In those world the system both men and machine work hand in hand to achieve a conman objective of the organization.

INFORMATION SYSTEM
An information system (IS) is any combination of information technology and people's activities using that technology to support operations, management, and decision-making. It is a Combination of hardware, software, infrastructure and trained personnel organized to facilitate planning, control, coordination, and decision making. The basis of an information system is the sharing and processing of information and ideas.

MAN MADE INFORMATION SYSTEM

The man made information system is that which is manually organized. In reduce uncertainty about the state or event. The information is the basis for interaction between user and analyst.

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