NUMERATION: PLACE VALUE

Place value representation of numbers Grouping or trading Models of place value Developing place value Regrouping and renaming

Excerpts of Expectations from the Number and Operations Standard Grades Pre-K-8
Principles and Standards for School Mathematics National Council of Teachers of Mathematics 2000

Grades Pre-K-2 Use multiple models to develop initial understandings of place value and the base-ten number system. Develop a sense of whole numbers and represent and use them in flexible ways, including relating, composing, and decomposing numbers. Connect number words and numerals to the quantities they represent, using various physical models and representations. Grades 3-5 Understand the place-value structure of the base-ten number system and be able to represent and compare whole numbers and decimals. Recognize equivalent representations for the same number and generate them by decomposing and composing numbers.

Understand numbers, ways of representing numbers, relationships among numbers, and number systems

Stages of Conceptual Development for Whole Numbers

Pre Numbers Early Numbers Introduction to Place Value Reinforcement of Place Value Extension of Place Value

Representation
Material
NUMBER

Language

Symbols

Naming numbers

5- Frame

10 - Frame

Naming larger numbers

Bundling sticks Base 10 blocks

Place Value Models

1.

(for base ten)

Proportional-The material for 10 is ten times the size of 1; 100 is ten times the size of 10. Ex. base ten blocks, bean sticks, bundled sticks
Tens 2 Ones 3

Place Value Models

(for base ten)

Non-proportional-The material does not maintain any size relationships. Ex. money, abacus, color tiles or chips
Tens Ones

Place Value Models

Concrete Physical Models => Semi-concrete Organizational Models Tens Ones Symbolic 2 5 Representational Models 25

Sequence of developing numbers and place value

Refer Curriculum Specification KBSR

Two-digit numbers

Establish a system of place value

tens ones

tens ones Number names

one ten and six ones or sixteen

1 6

Sequence to develop the 2-digit numbers

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6.

Multiples of ten; material & language 22 to 29 in tens and ones Teen numbers 11 - 19 Compare numbers: by ones, by tens Sequence number: before, after, ordinal names Counting on, counting back

3-digit numbers: consolidate place value and establish renaming

1. 10 tens make 1 hundred; hundreds, tens and ones 2. Recording 3-digit numbers: 297, then 459, 615, then 508, 400 3. Highlight number of tens: 321, 308 4. Compare, order and sequence 5. Counting on, counting back

Larger numbers: extending place value

thousand

hundred

ten

one

Larger numbers: extending place value

1. Abacus 2. Number expander

Interviewer, "Circle in your drawing what the six means. Circle what this part (points to one) means." Abbie: Fifth Month of Second Grade

Interviewer, "I'm going to say a number and I want you to write it... thirteen...sixty-seven...one hundred twenty...three hundred twenty-four... four hundred eight...three thousand, five hundred twenty-three. Abbie: Fifth Month of Second Grade

Interviewer, "Circle in your drawing what the 4 means. Circle what this part (points to one) means." Clay: Fifth Month of Fourth Grade

Interviewer, "I'm going to say a number and I want you to write it... fifty-six...three hundred forty-eight...four hundred five... two thousand, seven hundred thirty one...thirty-five thousand, forty-eight. Clay: Fifth Month of Fourth Grade

Interviewer, "Circle in your drawing what the 4 means. Circle in your drawing what this part (points to one) means." Elsa: Fifth Month of Fourth Grade

Interviewer, "I'm going to say a number and I want you to write it... three hundred forty-eight...four hundred five... two thousand, seven hundred thirty-one...thirty-five thousand, forty-eight." Elsa: Fifth Month of Fourth Grade

Rounding Numbers

Round down, round up, round off Round to the nearest tens, hundreds, thousands, ten thousands, Rules for rounding

Example:
(i) Round 428 to the nearest ten
1. 2.

3.

How many tens does the number have? Which tens could the number round to? tens Which one is nearer?

42 42 tens or 43 43 tens

428 rounds to 43 tens, or 430. (ii) Round 428 to the nearest hundred