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Structure and Function Subjective DataHealth History Questions Objective DataThe Physical Exam Abnormal Findings
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Surface landmarks
Borders of abdominal cavity Abdominal muscles
Solid viscera
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Hollow viscera
Stomach Gallbladder Small intestine Colon Bladder
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Right upper (RUQ) Left upper (LUQ) Right lower (RLQ) Left lower (LLQ)
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Appetite Dysphagia Food intolerance Abdominal pain Nausea/vomiting Bowel habits Abdominal history Medications Nutritional assessment
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Preparation
Equipment needed
Stethoscope Small centimeter ruler Skin-marking pen Alcohol swab
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Inspect the abdomen Contour Symmetry Umbilicus Skin Pulsation or movement Hair distribution Demeanor
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Bowel sounds
Vascular sounds (bruits)
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Palpate the liver Measures to enhance muscle relaxation Light palpation Deep palpation Bimanual palpation Normally palpable structures Liver
Spleen
Kidneys Aorta
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Enlarged liver Enlarged nodular liver Enlarged gallbladder Enlarged spleen Enlarged kidney Aortic aneurysm
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