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GSM Architecture
Objectives
At the end of this learning element, the student should be able to:
Name the three subsystems of GSM. List eight different network elements (generic architecture) and
name at least one task per element. Describe the benefits of a Release 4 core network.
Mobile Subscriber
Where is the subscriber Who is the subscriber What does the subscriber
want
Air
MS
BSS NMS
NSS
O&M
AC EIR
HLR
HLR
VLR
GMSC
MSC
MSC
Call control Mobility management Initiation of paging Collection of changing information Often associated with VLR
GMSC
Call control Interrogation of HLR Collection of changing information Often used for interworking with external networks
VLR
Identification numbers of subscribers Security information Services that the subscriber can use
HLR
Subscriber Profile Routing Information
EIR
Lists for Mobile Equipment (ME) checks
AC
Data for authentication (SIM) and ciphering
H LR
H LR
. .
SGSN
MSC
MSC Server + MGW Concept (Separation of control and user plane traffic)
MSC Server Site 1
Only control plane is routed to the core network site
RNC2
RNC2
MGW
Transport Network
Site 2
Site 4
RNC3
RNC3
Site 3
MGW
MGW
Inter-Site
RNC4
RNC4
POI
PSTN
Rel-04 Architecture
CSE CAP D MSCServer A GERAN UTRAN Iu A Iu Mc (H.248) CSMGW Nb Mc (H.248) CSMGW PSTN, ISDN, PLMN, etc. Nc CAP C GMSCServer
HLR
BTS BTS
BSC
TC
BTS
Elements:
Base Station Controller (BSC), Base Transceiver Station (BTS),
and
Transcoder and Rate Adaptation Unit (TRAU, TC) Functions: Radio path control, BTS and TC control, synchronisation with MSC Air and A interface signaling, connection establishment MS-NSS Mobility management, speech transcoding Collection of statistical data
BSC
Air interface signaling Ciphering Speech processing (channel coding, interleaving, and burst formatting) Generation of alarms and statistics Baseband/Radio frequency transformation
2 sectorized BTS
BSC
MSC
TC
TC
SM2M
TC TC
NMS/2000
BTS
BTS
BTS
SMSC
Fault management
Collection of alarm reports from network elements. One point for managing all fault situations.
Configuration management
Management of radio network configuration. Maintain up to date information on the network element
status.
Performance management
Collection of measurement data from network elements. Produce performance result from raw data.
Interfaces
VLR VLR
BSS
NSS
VLR VLR EIR EIR
D
HLR HLR AC AC
B Um Abis
BT S BSC
Ater
TC
BT S
(G)MSC
(G)MSC
BSS - Base Station Subsystem VLR BTS BTS BTS BTS BTS BSC
PSTN ISDN PSPDN
OMC
HLR EIR AC
BSC
MSC
IWF
MS Air Abis A
SC