By,

G.Athipathy
II B.Tech IT
What is Bluetooth?
“Bluetooth wireless technology is an open
specification for a low-cost, low-power, short-
range radio technology for ad-hoc wireless
communication of voice and data anywhere in
the world.”

One of the first modules (Ericsson) A recent module

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Overview of Bluetooth History
What is Bluetooth?
 Bluetooth is a short-range wireless
communications technology.

Why this name?

 It was taken from the 10th century Danish King
Harald Blatand who unified Denmark and Norway.

When does it appear?

 1994 – Ericsson study on a wireless technology to
link mobile phones & accessories.
 5 companies joined to form the Bluetooth Special
Interest Group (SIG) in 1998.
 First specification released in July 1999 (beta
version).

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Bluetooth Goals & Vision
Originally conceived as a cable replacement
technology
Short-Range Wireless Solutions
Open Specification(CDMA,GSM)
Voice and Data Capability
Worldwide Usability
Other usage models began to develop:
Personal Area Network (PAN)
Ad-hoc networks
Data/voice access points

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Technical features
Spread Spectrum (Frequency Hopping)
Connection Type
& Time Division Duplex (1600 hops/sec)
2.4 GHz ISM Open Band (79 MHz of
Spectrum
spectrum = 79 channels)
Modulation Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying
Transmission Power 1 mw – 100 mw
Data Rate 1 Mbps
Range 30 ft
Supported Stations 8 devices

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Bluetooth FHSS

Employs frequency
hopping spread
spectrum
Reduce interference
with other devices
Pseudorandom
hopping
1600 hops/sec- time
slot is defined as 625
microseconds
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Time-Division Duplex Scheme
 Channel is divided into consecutive slots (each 625 µs)
 One packet can be transmitted per slot
 Subsequent slots are alternatively used for transmitting and
receiving
 Strict alternation of slots between the master and the
slaves
 Master can send packets to a slave only in EVEN slots
 Slave can send packets to the master only in the ODD
slots

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Typical Bluetooth Scenario
Bluetooth will support wireless point-to-
point and point-to-multipoint (broadcast)
between devices in a piconet.
Point to Point Link
Master - slave relationship m s
Bluetooth devices can function as
masters or slaves
Piconet
It is the network formed by a Master
and one or more slaves (max 7) m

Each piconet is defined by a different

hopping channel to which users
synchronize to s s s
Each piconet has max capacity (1
Mbps)
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 Master

Active Slave

Parked Slave

Standby

• All devices in piconet hop together.

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File Transfer Profile

• Profile provides:
• Enhanced client-server interactions:
- browse, create, transfer folders
- browse, pull, push, delete files

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Headset Profile

• Profile provides:
• Both devices must provide capability to initiate connection &
accept/terminate calls.
• Volume can be controlled from either device.
• Audio gateway can notify headset of an incoming call.

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Core Bluetooth Products
• Notebook PCs & • CD Player
Desktop computers • TV/VCR/DVD
• Printers
• Telephone Answering
• PDAs Devices
• Other handheld
• Cordless Phones
devices
• Cell phones • Cars
• Wireless peripherals:
• Headsets
• Cameras

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Security

Security Measures
 Link Level Encryption & Authentication.
 Personal Identification Numbers (PIN) for
device access.
 Long encryption keys are used (128 bit keys).
 These keys are not transmitted over wireless.
 Further encryption can be done at the
application layer.

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Bluetooth vs. IrD

Bluetooth •IrD
 Point to Multipoint —Point to point
 Data & Voice —Intended for Data
Communication
communication
—Cannot penetrate solid objects
 Devices can be
—Range 1 m
mobile
 Range 10 m

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Summary

A new global standard for data and voice

Eliminate Cables
Low Power, Low range, Low Cost network devices
Future Improvements
 Master-Slave relationship can be adjusted
dynamically for optimal resource allocation and
utilization.
 Adaptive, closed loop transmit power control can
be implemented to further reduce unnecessary
power usage.

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 Key Features
Low complexity
Low Cost
Low Powered: Battery Powered

 Fast Acknowledgement
 Shorter Packets

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 References
 http://www.bluetooth.com
 http://www.google.com
 http://www.brainboxes.com
 http://www.palowireless.com

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