Architecture

M. Ryan Academic Decathlon 2005-06

Architecture
The art and science of designing and constructing buildings

Architecture
Architects: specialists in designing structures

Architecture
One of the early architectural developments was the use of the post-and-lintel method

A beam is placed horizontally across upright posts.

Architecture
Ancient Greek Orders (styles): composed of a shaft, capital, and base. (click me)

http://www.bozzle.com/perClassicOrders.html

Architecture
Entablature: the top of an order; includes the architrave, frieze, and cornice.

http://penelope.uchicago.edu/~grout/encyclopaedia_romana/architecture/entablature.html

Architecture
Other key developments include the arch,

http://www.arlington.k12.va.us/schools/drew/a&a/theromans.htm

Architecture
the vault,

http://www.arlington.k12.va.us/schools/drew/a&a/theromans.htm

Architecture
and the dome (my personal favorite).

http://www.arlington.k12.va.us/schools/drew/a&a/theromans.htm

Architecture
The arch was a purely Roman invention. An arch is often made up of small stones called voussoir and a large central stone called a keystone.

Architecture
A series of columns is called a colonnade.

A series of arches is called an arcade.

Architecture
The arch, vault, and dome are variations of the same concept that allowed for greater height and more space inside a building.

Architecture
The Romans were great engineers. They developed concrete as a building material, which was used in building aqueducts, baths, and other public works projects.

Architecture
Flying Buttress: external arch that counterbalanced the outward thrust of the high, vaulted ceilings.

http://www.m-w.com/mw/art/flyingbu.htm

Architecture
During the Industrial Revolution, many new materials were developed: glass-- Crystal Palace (1851)

http://www.uh.edu/engines/epi1158.htm

Architecture
and wrought iron:
The Eiffel Tower

Modern Architecture
Antonio Gaudi: Spanish architect no flat surface or straight lines (organic)

http://www.lexised.com/architecture/gaudi/casam.html

Modern Architecture

Antonio Gaudis most famous building: La Sagrada Familia

Modern Architecture
The 1st skyscraper was made in St. Louis, MO by Louis Sullivan who coined the expression form follows function.

Modern Architecture
Frank Lloyd Wright: American architect; carefully considered the environment where the building was to be constructed.

Falling Water More Wright

Modern Architecture
Steel and concrete are the favored materials for commercial type construction.

Wood and brick are the favored materials for residential construction.