The digestive system in humans

The food we eat, in its original form, cannot supply energy and nutrients to the body.

The food consists of a mixture of carbohydrates, proteins and fats which contain complex molecules.

The complex molecules cannot be used by body cells unless they are broken down into simpler molecules first.

Only these simpler molecules can be readily absorbed or used by the cells in our body.

The process of breaking down large complex food molecules into smaller and simpler form is called digestion.

These molecules are soluble and can be readily absorbed by the body.

Digestion takes place in the digestive system which consists of the alimentary canal , glands and organs that digest food.

Overview of Digestive System

Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, 2001

The digestive system in humans

Filling in the blanks. 1. _______ is the process in which food is broken down into ______ molecules which can be used by the body cells. 2. Digestion takes place in the ____ ______ which consists of the ____ , __________ and ___ that digest food.

3.The alimentary canal starts with the ____ and ends with the ____. 4.Glands and organs in the digestive system included the _____ glands, ___ , ____ ____ and ______. 5. ______ helps move the food along the alimentary canal. 6. Digestion involves both ____ and ____ processes.

7.Physical digestion is done by the _____. 8. Chemical digestion is done by using specific ________. 9.The end product of carbohydrate digestion is _____. Fat is digested to become ___ ____ and ______. Protein becomes ___ ____.

10. The products of digestion are absorbed into the blood stream from the ____ _____. 11. The digestive process is completed in the ____ ____.

The digestive system in humans

Filling in the blanks. 1. Digestion is the process in which food is broken down into simpler molecules which can be used by the body cells. 2. Digestion takes place in the digestive system which consists of the alimentary canal , glands and organs that digest food.

3.The alimentary canal starts with the mouth and ends with the anus. 4.Glands and organs in the digestive system included the salivary glands, liver , gall bladder and pancreas. 5. Peristalsis helps move the food along the alimentary canal. 6. Digestion involves both physical and chemical processes.

7.Physical digestion is done by the teeth. 8. Chemical digestion is done by using specific enzymes. 9.The end product of carbohydrate digestion is glucose. Fat is digested to become fatty acids and glycerol. Protein becomes amino acids.

10. The products of digestion are absorbed into the blood stream from the small intestine. 11. The digestive process is completed in the small intestine.

mouth
Salivary gland pancreas liver stomach duodenum duodenum oesophagus

Small intestine large intestine rectum

anus

The digestive system in humans

The digestive system in humans

Mouth--Food is chewed and physically broken down by the teeth. salivary amylase(enzyme) Starch maltose (sugar) Salivary amylase is produced by the salivary gland.

Enzymes are special proteins produced by the body to speed up chemical reactions in our body.

oesophagus
Food is moved from the mouth to the stomach, through the action of peristalsis.
Peristalsis : a wave- like movement that moves food in the digestive system especially in the oesophagus and the intestines.

It is caused by the continuous contraction and relaxation of the muscles along the alimentary canal.

peristalsis

stomach
Gastric glands produce gastric juices.

Gastric juices have hydrochloric acid and enzymes. hydrochloric acid kills bacteria and stop the action of salivary amylase.

stomach
Enzymes: pepsin and renin pepsin

Protein renin
Liquid milk proteins

peptones

solid milk proteins

stomach

stomach

Duodenumfirst part of the small intestine

The duodenum receives bile and pancreatic juice

Bile is produced by the liver and it is stored in the gall bladder. Functions: Emulsification of fats Alkaline medium

Duodenum
pancreatic juice is produced by pancreas. Contains: Pancreatic amylase pancreatic protease pancreatic lipase

Duodenum
Pancreatic amylase Starch maltose Pancreatic protease peptones amino acids

Pancreatic lipase fat fatty acids + glycerol

Small intestine

Small intestine(ileum)secretes intestinal juices which contain enzymes. maltase maltose glucose protease peptones amino acids

lipase
fat fatty acids + glycerol

small intestine
Digestion is completed. Digested food is absorbed through the thin walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream.

Large intestine (colon)

reabsorption of water Formation of feaces

Rectum
Stores feaces