ADJECTIVE CLAUSE

Subject Professor Students : Academic English : Dr. Le Duc Nhuan : Nguyen Dat An, Nguyen Van Son NTU group Vu, Thanh, Phuong, Hung, Duong Belgium group

HANOI, 2013

JOINT MASTER PROGRAM BETWEEN NUCE AND NTU

Content
Definition and characteristics Types of adjective clause Usage chart 3 11 25

Adjective Clause

1. Definition and characteristics

Adjective Clause

Definition An adjective clause is a dependent clause that functions as an adjective. It modifies a noun or pronoun

Examples:
This is the movie which made her cry Noun Adjective clause

They are searching for the one who borrowed the book Pronoun Adjective clause

Adjective Clause

1. Definition and characteristics

Definition Adjective clauses use subordination to connect ideas, which are a good way to improve writing

Subordination (relative pronoun): which, who, whom, whose, when, that,

Examples:
Some firefighters never meet the people whom they save. Subordination
The meat which they ate was tainted

Subordination

Adjective Clause

1. Definition and characteristics

Characteristics 4 characteristics of adjective clause:

1. An adjective clause begins with a relative pronoun or relative adverb 2. An adjective clause should come right after its noun phrase to avoid confusion 3. The verb in an adjective clause agrees in number with its antecedent

4. Adjective clauses are either restrictive (necessary) or nonrestrictive (unnecessary)

Adjective Clause

1. Definition and characteristics

Characteristics An adjective clause begins with a relative pronoun or relative adverb

Refer to people: Refer to animal/thing: Refer to time/place:

who, whom, whose, that which, whose, that when. where

Adjective Clause

1. Definition and characteristics

Characteristics An adjective clause should come right after its noun phrase to avoid confusion
He left the gift in his friend's car that he had just bought. Confusion: CAR or GIFT

He left the gift that he had just bought in his friend's car.
Clearly modifies GIFT

Adjective Clause

1. Definition and characteristics

Characteristics The verb in an adjective clause agrees in number with its antecedent
The dog which was left yesterday has returned. Singular

The dogs which were left yesterday have returned.

Plural

Adjective Clause

1. Definition and characteristics

Characteristics Adjective clauses are either restrictive (necessary) or nonrestrictive (unnecessary)

Restrictive: An adjective clause that cannot be omitted from a sentence without affecting the basic meaning of the sentence. Must not use comma Students who have young children are invited to use the free daycare center. Restrictive clause Nonrestrictive: An adjective clause that can be omitted from a sentence without affecting the basic meaning of the sentence. Must use comma I left my son at the campus daycare center, which is free to all full-time students Nonrestrictive clause

Adjective Clause

1. Definition and characteristics

2. Types of adjective clause

Adjective Clause

Types of adjective clause 6 types of adjective clause

1. Relative pronouns as subjects 2. Relative pronouns as objects 3. Possessive adjective clauses

4. Relative pronouns as objects of prepositions

5. Relative pronouns in phrases of quantity and quality 6. Adjective clauses of time and place

Adjective Clause

2. Types of adjective clause

Relative pronouns as subjects A relative pronoun can be the subject of its own clause. Relative pronouns: who, which, that Application:

For both people and animal/thing

Can be restrictive or nonrestrictive

Adjective Clause

2. Types of adjective clause

Relative pronouns as subjects Examples:

People that use microwave ovens save time and energy. Restrictive, For people The desk in the corner, which is dirty, is her Nonrestrictive, For thing

Adjective Clause

2. Types of adjective clause

Relative pronouns as objects A relative pronoun can be an object in its own clause. Relative pronouns: whom, which, that, (none)

That can only be omitted in object pattern clauses only

Application:
For both people and animal/thing Can be restrictive or nonrestrictive

Adjective Clause

2. Types of adjective clause

Relative pronouns as objects Examples:

I love fruit which is fresh. Restrictive, For thing Broccoli, which people often leave uneaten, is very nutritious. Nonrestrictive, For thing The man whom you are going to meet is the big boss

Restrictive, For people

Adjective Clause

2. Types of adjective clause

Possessive adjective clauses A relative pronoun replace a possessive word. Clause follow the subject or object pattern Relative pronouns: whose, which

Application:
For both people and animal/thing Can be restrictive or nonrestrictive Can be used in subject or object pattern

Adjective Clause

2. Types of adjective clause

Possessive adjective clauses Examples:

Company A, which manager is a woman, tries to attract female customer Nonrestrictive, For thing, Subject pattern That man whose car was stolen is still in shock Restrictive, For people, Object pattern The book which the cover was torn is mine Restrictive, For thing, Subject pattern

Adjective Clause

2. Types of adjective clause

Relative pronouns as objects of prepositions A relative pronoun can be the object of a preposition in its own clause. The preposition and relative pronoun are together at the beginning of the clause: Relative pronouns: whom, which, that, (none) Application:
For both people and animal/thing Can be restrictive or nonrestrictive

Adjective Clause

2. Types of adjective clause

Relative pronouns as objects of prepositions Examples:

The company to which I sent my application has not responded Restrictive, For thing Mary for whom i did a favor betrays me Nonrestrictive, For people

Adjective Clause

2. Types of adjective clause

Relative pronouns in phrases of quantity and quality A relative pronoun can occur in phrases of quantity or quality Relative pronouns: of whom, of which, Application:

For both people and animal/thing

Always nonrestrictive Follow either subject or object pattern

Adjective Clause

2. Types of adjective clause

Relative pronouns in phrases of quantity and quality Examples:

The students, 80% of whom havent done homework. are lazy For people, subject pattern These cars are expensive, most of which are sold for more than 100.000$ For thing, object pattern

Adjective Clause

2. Types of adjective clause

Adjective clauses of time and place Adjective clauses can also refer to a time or a place Relative pronouns: when, where Application:

For time or place

Can be restrictive or nonrestrictive

Adjective Clause

2. Types of adjective clause

Adjective clauses of time and place Examples:

On 20th of May, when summer holiday begins, I am free to go For time, nonrestrictive The town where he was born is now a big city For place, restrictive

Adjective Clause

2. Types of adjective clause

3. Conclusion

Adjective Clause

Adjective clause is a dependent clause that act as an adjective It is a good way to improve writing style Some rules must be remember Punctuation (restrictive/nonrestrictive clause)

Position of adjective clause

Preposition location Verb agree in number with the noun phrase

Adjective Clause

3. Conclusion

Usage chart

Adjective Clause

3. Conclusion

Usage chart

Adjective Clause

3. Conclusion