Umapathysivam .

Robotics: Definition
Robotics is the branch of technology that

Karel apek

deals with the design, construction, operation, structural disposition, manufacture and application of robots. The word robotics was derived from the word robot, which was introduced to the public by Czech writer Karel apek in his play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots), which premiered in 1921.

What is a robot?
A re-programmable, multifunctional

manipulator designed to move material, parts, tools, or specialized devices through various programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks.

History of Robotics
1940 Isaac Asimov produces a series of

short stories about robots starting with A Strange Playfellow (later renamed Robbie) for Super Science Stories magazine. The story is about a robot bound to protect a child. It is later compiled into the volume, I, Robot in 1950. 1941 - Science fiction writer Isaac Asimov first used the word "robotics" to describe the technology of robots and predicted the rise of a powerful robot industry.

1942 - Asimov wrote "Runaround", a story about robots which contained the "Three Laws of Robotics":
A robot may not injure a human, or, through

inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. except where such orders would conflict with the First Law. as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law.

A robot must obey the orders it by human beings

A robot must protect its own existence as long

He later adds the Zeroth Law. A robot may

not injure humanity, or, through inaction, allow humanity to come to harm.

 1948 - "Cybernetics", an influence on

artificial intelligence research was published by Norbert Wiener.

1956 - George Devol and Joseph Engelberger formed the world's first robot company.

 1997 Pathfinder lands on Mars.

1997 The first node of the ISS is

placed in orbit using a robotic arm. 1998 Tiger Electronics introduces Furby. It can react to its environment and communicate using over 800 phrases. 2004 The Mars Exploration Rovers Spirit and Opportunity land on Mars and prove that Mars was once covered with water.

 2004

trying to take over the world. 2005 - Honda debuts new Asimo robot that can complete office tasks.

I, Robot, new version of robots

Roles and jobs of robots

Computer Assisted Manufacturing

Military Medical

Space Exploration
Personal

Types of Robots
1. Pick and place -Moves items between points 2. Continuous path control -Moves along a programmable path 3. Sensory -Employs sensors for feedback

Pick & Place

Moves items from one point to another

Does not need to follow a specific path between points

Continuous path control

Moves along a specific path

Uses include welding, cutting, machining parts.

Sensory
Uses sensors for feedback.

Closed-loop robots use sensors in conjunction with actuators to gain higher accuracy servo motors.

 General Components of an industrial

Robot: Manipulator The part of the robot that performs the task

 Controller

Brain or computer center which coordinates the robots movements Power supply
1. Hydraulic 2. Pneumatic 3. Electric 4. Vacuum 5. Often a combination; the end-effectors mostly

pneumatic

Vehicle

Used to move the robot on a track, free wheels, treads, or some type of legs/feet

 Tasks which are: Dangerous

Space exploration chemical spill cleanup disarming bombs disaster cleanup

Boring and/or repetitive

Welding car frames part pick and place manufacturing parts.

High precision or high speed

Electronics testing Surgery precision machine

Space Exploration

Two important devices exist which are proven space robots

Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) Remote Manipulator System (RMS)

 This picture shows a Historic Space

Handshake between Shuttle and Space Station Robots - Image Courtesy of CSA

 Robotic Wheelchair can facilitate patient

locomotion

Manufacturing
Probably the industry which uses robots the most. Robots are useful in repetitive tasks and also work for longer durations without breaks. e.g. Robots in car production assembly line

Agriculture
Robots can do the work that

took a dozen harvesters to do at the same time. Robots are used for harvesting, reaping and sowing purposes. They are sometimes called, Agrobots.

RoboCup
RoboCup is an international research effort to promote autonomous robots.

Robots must cooperate in Strategy acquisition Real-time reasoning Multi-agent collaboration Competition against another team of robots

 Each robot has Pentium 233MHz Linux OS Video camera and frame grabber Sensor System Kicker

CONCLUSION Why build a human-like robot?

Our bodies are critical to the representations

that we use for internal thought and language If a robot is looks like a human then it will be natural for humans to interact with it in a human-like way To develop similar task constraints