Man a ge men t Of

Can ce r
MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
CURE- complete eradication of
malignant disease.
CONTROL- prolonged survival and
containment of cancer cell growth.
PALLIATION- relief of symptoms
associated with the disease.
MODALITIES COMMONLY
USED IN CANCER
TREATMENT
-SURGERY
-RADIATION THERAPY
-CHEMOTHERAPY
SURGERY

-remains the ideal and most

frequently used treatment method.
-may be the primary method of
treatment, prophylactic, diagnostic,
palliative, or reconstructive.
DIAGNOSTIC SURGERY

-is the definitive method of identifying the

cellular characteristics that influence all
treatment decisions.
BIOPSY- is usually performed to obtain a
tissue sample for analysis of cells
suspected to be malignant.
MOST COMMON BIOPSY
METHODS
-Excisional
-Incisional
-Needle
EXCISIONAL BIOPSY
-most frequently used for easily accessible
tumors of the skin, breast, upper and
lower GI tract, and upper respiratory
tracts.
-often performed through endoscopy.
-removal of the entire and surrounding
marginal tissues as well.
INCISIONAL BIOPSY

-is performed if the tumor mass is too

large to be removed.
-wedge of tissue from the tumor is
removed for analysis.
-often performed through endoscopy.
NEEDLE BIOPSIES
-are performed to sample suspicious masses that are
easily accessible, such as some growths in the
breasts, thyroid, lungs, liver, and kidneys.
-fast relatively inexpensive, and easy to perform and
usually require only local anesthesia.
NEEDLE CORE BIOPSY- uses a specially designed
needle to obtain a small core of tissue. Most often
the specimen is sufficient to permit accurate
diagnosis.
SURGERY AS PRIMARY
TREATMENT
-goal is to remove the entire tumor or
as much as is feasible (a procedure
sometimes called DEBULKING) and
any involved surrounding tissue,
including regional lymph nodes
COMMON SURGERY FOR
PRIMARY TUMORS
LOCAL EXCISIONS- warranted when the mass is small.
Includes removal of the mass and a small margin of
normal tissue that is easily accessible.
WIDE/RADICAL EXCISIONS(en bloc dissections)- include
removal of the primary tumor, lymph nodes, adjacent
involved structures, and surrounding tissue that may be
at high risk for tumor spread.
-this surgical method can result in disfigurement and altered
functioning.
-considered if the tumor can be removed completely and the
chances of cure or control are good.
SALVAGE SURGERY- is an additional treatment option that
uses an extensive surgical approach to treat the local
recurrence of the cancer after a less extensive primary
approach is used.
PROPHYLACTIC SURGERY
-involves removing nonvital tissues or organs that
are likely to develop cancer.
Factors considered when electing prophylactic
surgery:
 Family history and genetic predisposition
 Presence or absence of symptoms
 Potential risks and benefits
 Ability to detect cancer at an early stage
 Patient’s acceptance of the postoperative
outcome
PALLIATIVE SURGERY

-is performed in an attempt to relieve

complications of cancer, such as
ulcerations, obstructions,
hemorrhage, pain, and malignant
effusions.
-major goal is a high quality of life.
RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY

-may follow curative and radical

surgery and is carried out in
attempt to improve function or
obtain a more desirable cosmetic
effect.