Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
It is not sufficient to know what to say; one must also know how to say it. - Aristotle
Consciously Incompetent
Consciously Competent
Unconsciously Competent
Journalistic approach
Who, what, when, where, why and how
Question and Answer Chain Storytellers tour Mind mapping / idea mapping
Mind mapping
Use unlined paper without any other writing on it Put in horizontal (landscape) Start with a coloured image in the centre Use images throughout your Mind Map Words should be printed (i.e. in capitals) The printed words should be on lines, and each line should be connected to other lines Words should be in 'units' one word per line, allowing each word to have free hooks and giving more freedom and flexibility Use colours to enhance memory, delight the eye and stimulate the right cortical processes The mind should be left as 'free' as possible. You will probably think of ideas faster than you can write.
Adding transitions
Words or sentences that connect varied segments of a presentation Work as a bridge between major parts of your remarks Help the listener remain related
Functions of conclusion
The review The closing statement
Return to the theme of your opening statement Appeal for action End with a challenge
Verbal support
Examples Stories Statistics Comparisons Citations
Visual support
Types
Objects and models Photographs Diagrams Lists and table Pie-chart Bar and column charts
Dos
Limit The Number Of Aids You Use Use It As An Aid Only Be Comfortable In Using The Aid Keep Your Visual Aids In A Position Of Maximum Visibility Use The Pointer To Point, Not Accuse If Using An OHP Or Slide Projector, Put It ON Only For The Duration For Which It Is Required
Dont
Do not put Excessive Information Do not face the Visual Aid while using it Do not try to talk and write at the same time Do not stand in front of the Visual Aid Do not leave blank illuminated screens, they Cause Distractions
Verbal elements
Oral speaking style
Short sentences Active voice Personal pronoun Contractions Direct Address
Vocal elements
Enthusiasm and sincerity Loudness Avoid disfluencies (eh. um)
Nonverbal elements
Viewed as arrogant / dictatorial
Closed arms Pounding fists Hands on hips Pointing index finger Hands behind back Steeple Preening gestures
Viewed as insecure / nervous Gripping lectern Chewing lips, fingernails Constant throat clearing Playing with hair/beard/ jewelry Clenched fists Jingling coins or keys in pocket or hands
Think positively
If you think you can do a thing or think you can't do a thing, you're right.
Henry Ford
Focus on your topic and audience, not on yourself Think rationally about your presentation
Myth 1 : A presentation must be perfect Myth 2 : It is possible to persuade the entire audience Myth 3: The worst will probably happen