GREEK MYTHOLOGY

Abdul Fatir (BC121025) Danial Zafar (BC121049) Zain Imtiaz (BC121010)

MYTHOLOGY
Myth = In folkloristic, a myth is a sacred narrative usually explaining how the world or humankind came to be in its present form The main characters in myths are usually gods, supernatural heroes and humans. As sacred stories, myths are often endorsed by rulers and priests and closely linked to religion or spirituality. In the society in which it is told, a myth is usually regarded as a true account of the remote past

GREEK MYTHOLOGY
Homer
Iliad Odyssey

Homer is respected as the greatest of ancient Greek epic poets.

When he lived is unknown Hesiod

ORIGIN
Chaos as a primeval state of existence. Chaos was the primal emptiness- a dark, silent, formless and infinite oddity with no trace of life. Out of Chaos, Mother Earth Gaea(Tellus) first came to existence. Soon Chaos created Tartarus, the embodiment of the Underworld who built his home deep below the World of Gaea. Gaea and Tartarus united and created Typhoeus (Typhoon), an appalling, fire breathing dragon

with hundred heads.

ORIGIN
Then, love appeared out of Chaos, in the form of Eros. Eros was the most handsome of all Greek gods and invincible by nature. Chaos also gave birth to Erebus, the symbolization of the dark silence, and Nyx, the embodiment of the night. Gaea then brought Uranus (the Heaven)(Roman: Caelus), the infinite Pontus (the Sea) with his raging waves

and high mountains full of forests to the world. Uranus' task was to surround and cover Gaea with his starry coat, however, it very soon came to a union

between Uranus and Gaea

GREEK GOD FAMILY TREE

URANUS AND GAEA

Gaea bore Uranus three one-eyed creatures called Cyclopes
a. b. c. Brontes, Steropes and heady Arges

as well as three hundred-handed creatures called Hecatonchires.

TITANS

Gaea bore Uranus twelve Titans:

Oceanus (Ocean), Coeus (Polus), Crius, Hyperion, Iapetus, Theia, Rhea (Cybele), Themis (Justitia), Mnemosyne (Moneta), the golden-wreathed Phoebe the charming Tethys, and Cronus (Saturn), who was the youngest of all.

URANUS
However, Uranus was a bad father and husband. He hated the Hecatoncheires. He imprisoned them by pushing them into the hidden places of the earth. All were too afraid except, the youngest Titan, Cronus.

END OF URANUS
His rule ended when Cronus, encouraged by Gaea, castrated him. He either died from the wound or withdrew from earth.

the blood from Uranus was collected by Mother Earth Gaea and she produced Erinyes (Furies), Giants and Nymphs.

CRONOS (SATURN)
Soon afterwards, Cronus rescued his brothers and sisters and shared the World (the Cosmos) with them. Then, Cronus married his sister Rhea and together they created children who would later on become the Olympian gods.

Cronus became fearful as well so he started to swallow his own children, just like
his father. Rhea was highly discomforted, so, in her attempt to save her youngest child, Zeus, she tricked her husband by giving a huge stone to swallow. Rhea then sent Zeus to the Greek island of Crete in order to protect him.

OCEANUS (OCEAN)
Some scholars believe that Oceanus originally represented all bodies of salt water, including the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, the two largest bodies known to the ancient Greeks. However, as geography became more accurate, Oceanus came to represent the stranger, more unknown waters of the Atlantic Ocean (also called the "Ocean Sea"), while the newcomer of a later

generation, Poseidon, ruled over the Mediterranean.

OCEANUS (OCEAN)
Oceanus, along with Prometheus and Themis, did not take the side of his fellow Titans against the Olympians, but instead withdrew from the conflict. In most variations of this myth, Oceanus also refused to side with Cronus in the latter's revolt against their father, Uranus.

HYPERION
Hyperion ("The High-One") was one of the 12 Titans of Greek mythology He was also the lord of light, and the Titan of the east.

COEUS
Like most of the Titans he played no active part in Greek religionhe appears only in lists of Titansbut was primarily important for his descendants. With his sister, "shining" Phoebe, Coeus fathered Leto and Asteria. Leto copulated with Zeus

(the son of fellow Titans Cronus and Rhea) and bore Artemis and Apollo.
Koios (Coeus) was the Titan of the north, wisdom and farsight. He controlled the axis, and was released from Tartarus by Demeter's grief, changing the seasons. Coeus fled to the north from Zeus, and was regarded as the north star Polaris.

CRIUS

Crius was the god of constellations, measuring the duration of the year while his brother Hyperion measures the days and months.

IAPETUS OR JAPETUS
Iapetus ("the Piercer") is the one Titan mentioned by Homer in the Iliad (8.478 81) as being in Tartarus with Cronus. He is a brother of Cronus, who ruled the world during the Golden Age. His name derives from the word iapto ("wound,

pierce") and usually refers to a spear, implying that Iapetus may have been regarded
as a god of craftsmanship, though scholars mostly describe him as the god of mortality. In Hesiod's Works and Days Prometheus is addressed as "son of Iapetus", and no mother is named. However, in Hesiod's Theogony, Clymene is listed as Iapetus' wife and the mother of Prometheus.

MNEMOSYNE
Mnemosyne was the personification of memory in Greek mythology. The titaness was the daughter of Gaia and Uranus and the mother of the nine Muses by Zeus:

TETHYS
Tethys was an archaic Titaness and aquatic sea goddess, invoked in classical Greek poetry, but not venerated in cult. Tethys was both sister and wife of Oceanus. She was mother of the chief rivers of the world known to the Greeks, such as

the Nile, the Alpheus, the Maeander, and about three thousand daughters called the
Oceanids. During the war against the Titans, Tethys raised and educated Hera as her stepchild, who was brought to her by Rhea but there are no records of active cults for Tethys in historic times.

THEIA
In Greek mythology, Theia "goddess" or "divine" (sometimes written Thea or Thia), also called Euryphaessa "wide-shining," was a Titan. Once paired in later myths with her Titan brother Hyperion as her husband, "mild-eyed Euryphaessa, the far-shining one" of the Homeric Hymn to Helios, was said to be the mother of Helios (the

Sun), Selene (the Moon), and Eos (the Dawn).

PHOEBE
In Greek mythology "radiant, bright, prophetic" Phoebe was one of the original Titans and was traditionally associated with the moon

RHEA (CYBELE)
In early traditions, she was known as "the mother of gods" and was therefore strongly associated with Gaia and Cybele, who had similar functions. The classical Greeks saw her as the mother of the Olympian gods and goddesses, but not as an Olympian goddess in her own right.

RHEA (CYBELE)
Cronus sired six children by Rhea: Hestia, Hades, Demeter, Poseidon, Hera and Zeus in that order, but swallowed them all as soon as they were born except Zeus Since Cronus had learned from Gaia and Uranus that he was destined to be overcome by his own child as he had overthrown his own father. Rhea gave birth to Zeus in Crete, handing Cronus a stone wrapped

in swaddling clothes, which he promptly swallowed.

MOUNT OLYMPUS

ZEUS

ZEUS(SON OF CRONUS AND RHEA)

The was of King of gods and considered of human being He was the youngest son of Cronus. Roman counter part was Jupiter. Domain: Supreme of gods and lord of thunder and sky. Symbols : thunder bolt, eagle and bull.

POSEIDON

POSEIDON(SON OF CRONOS AND RHEA)

Roman counter part Neptune.

God sea , horses and earthquakes.

Symbols; trident ,horse, fresh water and dolphins.

HADES

CERBERUS

HADES(SON OF CRONUS AND RHEA)

Roman counter part Pluto

God of underworld and judgment after death.

Symbols; helm of darkness, Cerberus and scepter.

DEMETER

DEMETER(SISTER OF ZEUS)
Goddess of harvest and fertility of soil.

Roman counter part Ceres

Symbols; torch , corn and wheat.

HERA

HERA(WIFE AND SISTER OF ZEUS)

Queen of gods.

Roman counter part is Juno.

Goddess of marriage and women

Symbols; peacock ,crow and pomegranate.

HESTIA

HESTIA (SISTER OF ZEUS)

Goddess of health ,home and family

Roman counter part Vesta.

Symbols ; sacred fire and plan wooden throne

APHRODITE

APHRODITE(DAUGHTER OF ZEUS )
Most beloved daughter of Zeus. She had many lover due to her beauty Aries was on of them. Goddess of love and beauty. Roman counter part Venus Symbol; doves, sparrow, swans and myrtles.

ARIES

ARIES
The most hatred son of Zeus

Roman counter part Mars

God of War and bloodshed

Symbols; Vulture ,spear and burning torch.

HEPHAESTUS

HEPHAESTUS
God of fire , volcanoes , blacksmiths, craftsmen and metallurgy.

Roman counter part Vulcan.

Symbols; Hammer , anvils , tongs and fire.