Names

: 1. Dusadee Yocha 2. Muhammad Fadhil Budiman 3. Muhammad Penta Helios

Research and Development of Ethanol Purification

Covers :
1. R & D for ethanol distillation column technology 2. Mass & energy balance in distillation column 3. R & D for dehydration technology

1.R & D for ethanol distillation column

For distillation column : a. The hybrid-distillation system This technology was developed by Hitachi Zosen Corporation Souce : Shin-LingWee, Ching-Thian Tye, Subhash Bhatia. 2008. Membrane separation processPervaporation through zeolite membrane, Separation and Purification Technology 63 (2008) 500516.

b. Combining packed and tray column This technology was developed by The GEA Wiegand Company Source : Bioethanol technology GEA Wiegand, P 11E 072006 02000 / Hinkel & Junghans, Werbeagentur, KA. German.

1.R & D for ethanol distillation column

a. The hybrid-distillation system

Figure 1. Conventional hybrid-distillation system

Figure 2. Hybrid distillation-pervaporation processes with a pervaporation unit externally connected - DPEC (a) and a pervaporation unit in a single column-DPSU (b). The dotted line indicates that the permeate stream can be recycled to the distillation column. The vacuum pump, the condenser, the liquid pump and the pre-heater in the permeate line have been excluded from the sketch for clarity.

The hybrid-pervaporation works

Figure 3.Schematic representation of two layers of pervaporation hollow fibres in cross configuration (a) and a packed section with hollow fibres in cross in line configuration (b).

The benefit of hybrid-distillation system

Advantages : 1. Enable savings of operating cost results from a lower energy demand. 2. Using single column 3. Enhance the reactor performance Disadvantages : 1. The design and optimisation of these systems are difficult.

Evidence experiment Three different mixtures are checked : a. Dewatering of ethylene diamine (EDA) b. Isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and the removal c. The production of methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE).

Reason:
Metyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE) was used until recently, but it was found that it is highly soluble in water, compromising the water supply wells quality (Johnson et al., 2000); thus, ethyl-tert-butyl ether (ETBE) has been found to be an adequate substitute. This compound has similar or better properties than MTBE (Sneesby et al., 1995).

1.R & D for ethanol distillation column

b. Combining packed and tray column

b. Combining packed and tray column

Sources : GEA-Distillation Technology-www.niroinc.com

2.

Mass and energy balance in distillation column

Mass balance dM tp L p 1 V p 1 L p V p Trayp-1 dt dM ip L p 1. X i , p 1 V p 1.Yi , p 1 L p . X i , p V p .Yi , p Tray p dt L M i , p X i , p .M p Yi , p .M V p X i , p Yi , p 1 Energy balance dH tp dt
L V L V L p 1.h p 1 V p 1 .h p 1 L p .h p V p .h p

a. Mass and energy balance in tray P Vp-1 Vp Vp+1 Lp-1;XP-1 Lp;XP Lp+1;XP+1

Trayp+1

b. Mass and energy balance in tray P-1 (Overhead product and feed) Lp-2;XP-2 Vp-1 Vp Vp+1 Trayp+1

Mass balance dM tp 1 dt dM ip 1 dt Fin V p V p 1 L p 1 L p 2

hf; Z1; Fin

Fin .Z i ,in V p .Yi , p V p 1.Yi , p 1 L p 1. X i , p 1 L p 2 . X i , p 2 Trayp-1

L p 1

Lp-1;XP-1
Lp;XP

M i , p X i , p 1.M

Yi , p 1.M

V p 1

Yi , p 1 ki , p 1. X i , p 1 X i , p 1 Yi , p 1 1 Energy balance dH tp 1 dt
V L L Fin .h f V p .hV p V p 1 .h p 1 L p 1 .h p 1 L p 2 .h p 2

Trayp

Lp+1;XP+1

c. Mass and energy balance in reboiler Yi, R; hV, R; VR

Mass balance dM tR L1 VR LR dt dM iR L1. X i ,1 VR .Yi , R LR . X i , R dt L V M i,R M R MR Yi , R ki , R . X i , R X i , R Yi , R 1 Energy balance dH tR V L L1.h1L VR .hR LR .hR dt

L1; Xi, 1; hL, 1

RB; Mi, R ; ML, R; MV, R; MT, R

LR; hL, R; Xi, P

d. Mass and energy balance in tray P+1

Mass balance dM tp 1 dt dM ip 1 dt VR L p 1 L1 V1 VR .Yi , R L p 1 X i , p 1 L1 X i ,1 V1Yi ,1

Trayp-1 Vp Trayp Vp+1 Trayp+1 Vp-1 Lp-1;XP-1 Lp;XP Lp+1;XP+1

L V M i , p 1 M p M 1 p 1

Yi , p 1 ki , p 1. X i , p 1 X i , P 1 Yi , p 1 1 Energy balance dH tp 1 dt
L L V VR .hV f L p 1h p 1 L1 .h1 V1 .h1

hL, 1; L1; Xi,1

b. Mass and energy balance in condenser and reflux drum Lc; Xi, c; hL, c Qc

VN; Yi, N; hV, N

Lc; Xi, c; hL, c

R
Mass balance

M ass balance dM tC VN LC dt dM iC VN .Yi , N LC X i ,C dt L V M i ,C M N MC X i ,C Yi ,C 1 E nergy balance dH tC V L VN .hN LC .hC QC dt

dM tD LC R D dt dM iD LC X i ,C X i , D ( R D ) dt because X i ,C X i , D , so

dM iD X i , D ( Lc R D ) dt Energy balance

dH tD L L L LC .hC R.hR D.hD dt

Process diagram of combined distillation/pervaporation plant for ethanol recovery from fermentors.

 In this paper, chitosan(CS)/Poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) blend membranes crosslinked by glutaraldehyde (GA) were prepared for seperation of ethyl acetate/ethanol/water azeotrope by pervaporation (PV)

To improved efficiency, it is of great significance to design membranes with both high permeation flux and separation factor.

Total permeation flux

PVP content on the PV performance of the CS/PVP blend membranes at 25C

Separation factor

Total permeation flux

Effect of the amount of GA on the PV performance of the CS/PVP blend membranes at 25C

Separation factor

Total permeation flux

Effect of temperature on the permeation flux and the seperation factor of the CS/PVP blend membranes

Separation factor

 Permeation flux increased with increase temperature and PVP content, while
separation factor decreased.

The separation factor increased with increased GA content, whereas the flux
decreased.

 This system have mass & energy exchange between 2 fluid phase Multiphase Reactor involve a gas-liquid system No chemical reaction

Fin hin

When a substance is moved from the bulk phase to the interface, the mass transfer occurs
V hV
C

L hL

Mass flux (NA) is proportional to the concentration difference

ML Liqui d

MV Ga s

Driving force (C)

Mass Balance

dM T Fin V L dt
dM i Fin Zin Vyi Lxi dt

M i M L x i M V yi

yi ki xi
yi xi 1

Energy Balance

dH Fin hin VhV LhL dt